Subvalvular and Supravalvular Aortic Stenosis
Patients with left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction comprise a diverse group of neonates, infants, children, and young adults, accounting for up to 6% of adults with congenital heart disease…
Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connections and the Scimitar Syndrome
Acknowledgments I am deeply indebted for the mentorship, comments, and editorial guidance given to me by Drs. Gary Webb and Charles Bullaboy. Furthermore, I am indebted to my wife and…
Sinus of Valsalva Aneurysms
Introduction Since its first description in 1840 by Thurman, varying terminologies and classifications have been used to describe the sinus of Valsalva aneurysm (SV aneurysm). Because this lesion lies on…
Supportive and Palliative Care for Adults With Congenital Heart Disease
Acknowledgments We wish to thank Professor Adrienne H. Kovacs for the thorough and careful review of the manuscript. A 52-year-old man with severe Ebstein anomaly, atrial septal defect, and chronic…
Transition of Care From Pediatrics
For the first time in history, there are now more adults than children living with congenital heart disease (CHD) in North America. Adults with CHD of moderate or great complexity,…
Insurability of Adults With Congenital Heart Disease
A 30-year-old woman with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) repaired at age 5 years was seen in the adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) clinic. Her physician gave encouraging advice: there was…
Anesthesia in Adult Congenital Heart Disease, Including Anesthesia for Noncardiac Surgery
Congenital heart disease is one of the most common birth defects, and with 85% of these children now surviving into adulthood, an increasing number of patients require ongoing care. Many,…
Psychosocial Issues in Adult Congenital Heart Disease
Introduction Advances in pediatric and interventional cardiology, intensive care medicine, and cardiac surgery have resulted in tremendous improvements in life expectancy of patients born with a heart defect. Due to…
Obstetric Analgesia and Anesthesia
Pregnancy in any woman is a physiological challenge, but in women with congenital heart disease (CHD) it may pose considerable risks to both mother and fetus. Cardiac disease remains the…
Pregnancy and Contraception
Heart malformation is the most common form of congenital abnormality, occurring in approximately 0.8% of all babies born. Following improvements in surgery and medicine since the 1960s, most people with…
