Paced Rhythms
Paced Rhythms The Pacemaker FIGURE 13.1 A. Anatomy of a dual-chamber pacemaker. B. ECG appearance of atrial and ventricular pacing. Electrode Types Unipolar Cathode is on the lead tip; anode…
Pelvis and Hip
Pelvis and Hip Andrew Pennock Vidyadhar Upasani James Bomar INTRODUCTION The osteoporotic bone of an elderly lady is very different from the tough, growing bone of a child. Therefore, greater…
Femoral Shaft
Femoral Shaft Maya Pring Peter Newton INTRODUCTION The femur is the longest and strongest bone in the human body, supporting over 11 times the body’s weight during running. Despite its…
Radius and Ulna
Radius and Ulna Vidyadhar Upasani Henry Chambers INTRODUCTION Forearm fractures, especially about the wrist, are among the most common pediatric injuries. When a child falls off a bike, scooter, or…
Fast and Wide
Fast and Wide Wide Complex Tachycardia—Overview Both supraventricular and ventricular mechanisms underlie wide complex rhythms. Monomorphic Ventricular Tachycardia—Causes Monomorphic VT—ECG Features There are several features that may help diagnose monomorphic…
Elbow—Proximal Radius and Ulna
Elbow—Proximal Radius and Ulna Maya Pring Vidyadhar Upasani INTRODUCTION For the purposes of this book, we have divided “elbow fractures” into those above the elbow (distal humerus—Chapter 8) and those…
Elbow—Distal Humerus
Elbow—Distal Humerus Maya Pring Vidyadhar Upasani INTRODUCTION In our hospital, it is rare to get through a call night without at least one supracondylar fracture that needs to be fixed….
Fast and Narrow
Fast and Narrow Mechanisms Underlying Supraventricular Tachyarrhythmias Reentry Reentry occurs when the refractory periods and conduction speeds of two separate pathways differ. The initial impulse (marked by blue star) is…
QT Abnormalities and Electrolyte Disturbances
QT Abnormalities and Electrolyte Disturbances The QT Interval The QT interval represents ventricular depolarization and repolarization (phase 0-3 of the action potential, Fig. 8.1). The length of the QT interval…
