Principles of Mapping and Ablation Yuliya Krokhaleva Noel G. Boyle Kalyanam Shivkumar Eric Buch INTRODUCTION Catheter ablation and antiarrhythmic medications are the two modalities currently used for the treatment of…
Electrophysiologic Testing: Indications and Limitations Aman Chugh Fred Morady Electrophysiologic (EP) testing has evolved substantially from its origins in the 1970s when it was primarily a diagnostic tool for elucidating…
Electrophysiology Equipment Mark W. Preminger Cardiac electrophysiology is based upon the recording of electrical potentials from within the heart. More specifically, these potentials are recorded from electrode pairs on catheters…
Sudden Cardiac Death and the Cardiac Arrest Survivor Gregory Mellor Zachary W. M. Laksman Andrew D. Krahn Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a leading cause of mortality in the Western…
Atrial Arrhythmias Jonathan S. Steinberg Aysha Arshad Tina Sichrovsky Dan Musat ATRIAL FIBRILLATION DIAGNOSIS AND EPIDEMIOLOGY Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia observed in clinical practice, encountered…
Supraventricular Tachycardia: AVNRT, AVRT Zachary T. Hollis Kurt S. Hoffmayer Melvin M. Scheinman Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is an umbrella term used to describe tachycardia (atrial and/or ventricular rates in excess…
Bradycardia Andrea Corrado Gianni Gasparini Antonio Raviele SINUS RHYTHM The electrical activation of the heart originates spontaneously from the cells of the sinoatrial node (SAN), which is situated at the…
Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease Richard A. Humes James M. Galas 1. Which is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease? A. Transposition of great arteries. B. Total anomalous pulmonary venous…
Noncyanotic Congenital Heart Disease Benjamin W. Eidem 1. Which echocardiographic scan plane is most optimal to define a secundum atrial septal defect (ASD)? A. Suprasternal long-axis view. B. Parasternal long-axis…
