Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Imaging modality Resolution Cap thickness Lipid core Calcium Thrombus Macrophage Neovascularization IVUS 100 μm + + ++ + − − OCT 10 μm +++ ++ ++ ++ + ++ VH 100 μm +…
Quantitative Measurements of Native Lesion
EEM and lumen measurement Lumen cross-sectional area The area bounded by the luminal border Minimum lumen diameter The shortest diameter through the center point of the lumen Maximum lumen diameter…
Validation of Fractional Flow Reserve
Fig. 22.1 Schematic model representing the coronary circulation. AO aorta, Pa arterial pressure, Pd distal coronary pressure, Pv venous pressure, Q blood flow through the myocardial vascular bed, Qc collateral…
Immediate Post-Stent Evaluation with Optical Coherence Tomography
Fig. 16.1 Optical coherence tomographic images of in-stent restenosis 1 year after stent implantation . On left panel, the percentage of area stenosis was 60.1%, showing in-stent restenosis. The cross-sectional area…
Pre-Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Lesion Assessment
2011 ACCF/AHA/SCAI Guideline [1] Level of evidence Assessment of angiographically indeterminant left main CAD B Reasonable 4–6 weeks and 1 year after cardiac transplantation to exclude donor CAD, detect rapidly progressive cardiac…
Late Stent Evaluation (Neoatherosclerosis)
Fig. 17.1 Representative optical coherence tomography (OCT) images of late stent thrombosis within incomplete stent struts coverage Table 17.1 Proportions of uncovered stent struts observed by optical coherence tomography Stent…
Image Acquisition Techniques
Fig. 11.1 History of the OCT development. Naohiro Tanno and James G. Fujimoto developed OCT in 1991, and they first performed OCT on the human retina. Intravascular OCT was performed…
Physical Principles and Equipment of Intravascular Optical Coherence Tomography
Fig. 10.1 Image resolution and penetration depth for OCT, microscopy, and ultrasound. OCT plays a role in filling a gap between microscopy and ultrasound in medical imaging. The image resolution…
FFR in Acute Coronary Syndrome and Noncoronary Disease
Fig. 28.1 Representative case of fractional flow reserve (FFR) measurement in culprit vessel of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. (a) Electrocardiogram showed ST-segment elevation in lead II, III, aVF, and V4–V6….
Clinical Evidence of Optical Coherence Tomography-Guided Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Recommendations Class of recommendation Level of evidence European Society of Cardiology [1] OCT to assess mechanisms of stent failure IIa C OCT in selected patients to optimize stent implantation IIb…
