The Venous Stent: Is It Primetime Yet?
Vein Luminal area (mm2) Diameter (mm) CFV 125 12 EIV 150 14 CIV 200 16 CFV common femoral vein, EIV external iliac vein, CIV common iliac vein Treatment Endovascular Intervention…
Open Reconstruction for Chronic Venous Obstruction
Fig. 38.1 Right-to-left femoral vein bypass of the left great saphenous vein (Palma procedure) (Reproduced with permission from the Mayo Foundation) Fig. 38.2 Magnetic resonance angiography at 9 months after a…
Endovascular Recanalization of Chronic Venous Obstruction
Fig. 36.1 The TriForce Peripheral Crossing Set (Cook Medical, Bloomington, Indiana) An advanced adjunctive technique that can be used to increase the trackability of balloons and stents across chronically occluded…
Chronic Obstruction of the Inferior Vena Cava
Fig. 40.1 Chronic total occlusion of the inferior vena cava secondary to thrombosed IVC filter. Digital subtraction venography demonstrates no flow into the IVC from either iliac vein, with multiple…
Pelvic Venous Insufficiency
Fig. 18.1 Anatomy and reflux of the pelvic veins (arrows show pathologic reflux). (A) Anatomy. (B) Anatomic variations of the ovarian veins. (C) Internal iliac veins and their communications with…
Management of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
Fig. 43.1 The initial appearance of the heart with the reflected pericardium Full bypass is instituted with high ascending aortic cannulation and two caval cannulae. In unstable patients, bypass is…
Evaluation of Edema of the Extremity
Primary etiology for edema Unilateral Bilateral Vascular DVTa ↔ CVIa ↔ Lymphedemaa ↔ Post-revascularization Popliteal aneurysm Vascular compression Compartment syndrome Vascular anomalies: • KTS, Parkes-Weber syndrome High-risk patients (i.e., cancer) often…
Valve Reconstruction for Deep Venous Reflux
Fig. 17.1 Post-thrombotic syndrome : valve thickening The term primary reflux is identified on CEAP classification [20] as a malfunction of the valve due to unknown causes, so such as…
Vena Cava Interruption
1. Absolute indications VTE with (a) Contraindication to anticoagulation (b) Recurrent thromboembolic disease despite adequate anticoagulation therapy (c) Significant bleeding complications of anticoagulation therapy 2. Relative indications VTE with (a)…
Catheter-Directed Thrombolysis of Pulmonary Embolism
Fig. 30.1 (a) Pulmonary angiogram showing a left main pulmonary artery thrombus. (b) Placement of suction thrombectomy catheter (Indigo catheter) through left main pulmonary artery clot. (c) Pulmonary angiogram showing…
