Fig. 21.1 Decision making algorithm for small samples Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Gene Mutations as a Biomarker The EGFR is a 170-kDa plasma membrane glycoprotein composed by an extracellular region,…
Fig. 11.1 Type I and type II reactions in PDT (“photodynamic reaction”). Schematic Jablonski diagram showing PDT’s mechanism of action. Following light absorption, the PS reaches an excited singlet state…
ASA physical status 1—A normal healthy patient ASA physical status 2—A patient with mild systemic disease ASA physical status 3—A patient with severe systemic disease ASA physical status 4—A patient…
Descriptor Subgroup Definition T (tumor) T0 No evidence of primary tumor T1 Tumor ≤3 cm, surrounded by the lung or visceral pleura, not more central than the lobar bronchus T1a (mi)…
Degree of tracheal obstruction (%) ΔMMRCa Respondersb (%) ≦1 ≧2 51–60 2 61–70 2 2 10/17 (58.8%) 71–80 5 6 81–90 2 9 11/13 (8406%) 91–100 2 aΔMMRC = change in MMRC…
Fig. 14.1 Autofluorescence bronchoscopy (AFB) image using AFI system. Representative case of carcinoma in situ. (a) White light bronchoscopy showed thickening of the bifurcation and partially covered with white coat….
Fig. 19.1 Lead time represents the interval of time between screen detection and symptom-driven detection of cancer Fig. 19.2 Length time bias is introduced by the propensity of screening to…
1. Conventional flexible bronchoscopy with forceps biopsy, bronchial brushing, washing 2. Conventional transbronchial fine-needle aspiration (TBNA) 3. Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS)-guided TBNA 4. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided TBNA 5. Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB)-guided forceps biopsy 6. Radial-probe endobronchial…
Fig. 9.1 Endobronchial obstruction caused by lung cancer Early Stage Lung Cancer If autofluorescence endoscopy is available, it could be used to define the lesion limits; otherwise, a margin of…
