Fig. 14.1 Carpentier classification. Carpentier et al. proposed a classification system based on size of functional RV and adequacy of the anterior leaflet for repair [9] 14.4 Indication and Timing…
Fig. 7.1 (a) Amplatzer Septal Occluder and (b) Occlutech Figulla Flex II 7.4 Morphological Features of Difficult Transcatheter ASD Closure It is well known that morphological variations of ASD are…
Fig. 3.1 RV enlargement after TOF repair. MRI imaging of a 29-year-old woman after the intracardiac repair of a TOF. Note the markedly enlarged RV. RV end-diastolic volume is 168…
Fig. 10.1 (a) Schema in a patient with d-TGA. (b) After the atrial switch operation, blood from the superior and inferior vena cava was redirected to the mitral valve and…
Fig. 4.1 Etiologies of heart failure (HF) differ between adults with acquired heart disease and those with congenital heart disease. In HF due to any cause, plasma levels of neurohumoral…
Types of ventricle Mostly left ventricle Tricuspid atresia, pulmonary atresia intact ventricular septum with hypoplastic RV, critical pulmonary stenosis with hypoplastic RV, neonatal severe form of Ebstein’s anomaly, double inlet…
Fig. 8.1 Cryoablation is performed at the infundibular septum which is often the origin of the ventricular arrhythmias Fig. 8.2 To avoid the perivalvular leakage, one end of the pledgetted…
Fig. 5.1 The presumable curve of the incidence of rhythm disturbance related to congenital abnormalities in the conduction system (upper) and acquired hemodynamic abnormalities (lower) Furthermore, sudden death is a…
1. Residua: lesion which existed before surgery and left over after surgery or getting worse with age (i.e., left axis deviation, mitral regurgitation) 2. Sequelae: lesion which inevitably happens as…
1. Specialized ACHD centers must employ at least one, and preferably two, cardiologist(s) specifically trained and educated in the care of adults with CHD 2. Specialized ACHD centers should provide care in…
