Female Manifestation of Acute Coronary Syndromes
Women with ACS are older than men with a higher clustering of traditional RF 25–30% all ACS <65 years occur in women Smoking women <55 years have a 2× higher…
Pharmacotherapy in Women
Women relative to men Oral contraceptives HRT Pregnancy CYP1A2 CYP2A6 CYP2B6 ? CYP2C9 = CYP2C19 a CYP2D6 = CYP2E1 ? CYP3A4 Pgp NAT2…
Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Women: What Makes It Different from Men
Smoking No exposure to tobacco in any form Diet Low in saturated fat with a focus on wholegrain products, vegetables, fruit and fish Physical activity At least 150 min/week moderate…
Ischemic Heart Disease in Women
Fig. 2.1 Female pattern of IHD Fig. 2.2 Percentage ‘normal’ CAG’s in patients with stable angina (ref 13) Non-obstructive Coronary Artery Disease (NOCAD) In patients with non-obstructive CAD at coronary…
Cardiomyopathies in Women
As soon as the baby is delivered, and the patient is hemodynamically stable, standard therapy for HF can be applied. Due to high metabolic demand and fluid intake during nursing…
Female Aspects of Electrocardiography and Cardiac Arrhythmias
Fig. 10.1 Sex differences in electrocardiography Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardias in Women Atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardias (AVNRT) occur significantly more often in women than in men, presumably related to hormonal effects…
Menopause and Cardiovascular Risk
Fig. 5.1 Estrogen and the heart. In healthy premenopausal women estrogen may promote vasodilatation, reduces smooth muscle cell proliferation and prevents cardiac hypertrophy. Adapted from Menazza S et al. Circ…
Cardiac Rehabilitation and Secondary Prevention in Women
Fig. 11.1 Secondary prevention target achievements among women and men hospitalized for a coronary event in 24 European countries. Data from the EUROASPIRE IV survey, adjusted for age, educational level,…
