Antibody-Mediated Rejection
Fig. 22.1 Interplay of Donor and host immune responses in cardiac AMR B cells are critical players in the pathogenesis of the antibody mediated immune response. B-cell immunoglobulin protein receptors…
Inflammation and Heart Failure
Fig. 35.1 Animal models of heart failure. (a) Sham (b) Pressure overloaded model after suprarenal ligation (c) Volume overloaded model after mitral regurgitation (d) Mixed load remodeling model after myocardial…
The Total Artificial Heart
Fig. 29.1 The CardioWest Total Artificial Heart (TAH). The TAH consists of two pneumatically driven pulsatile pumps that replace the ventricle and four heart valves. The device is connected to…
Acute and Chronic Right Ventricular Failure
Fig. 4.1 A comparison of typical pressure-volume loops for a single cardiac cycle of the left ventricle (a) and right ventricle (b). In the left ventricle, pressure continues to increase…
Imaging and Heart Failure
Women Men Normal Mildly abnormal Moderately abnormal Severely abnormal Normal Mildly abnormal Moderately abnormal Severely abnormal Mass (g) 66–150 151–171 172–182 ≥ 183 96–200 201–227 228–254 ≥255 Mass/BSA (g/m2)…
Mechanical Circulatory Support as a Bridge to Heart Transplantation
Fig. 27.1 Generations of left ventricular assist devices. (a) Schematic drawing of the implanted first-generation LVAD HeartMate XVE. (b) Schematic drawing of the implanted second-generation LVAD HeartMate II. (c) Third-generation…
Exercise and Patients with Heart Failure
Fig. 33.1 Mechanisms to augment cardiac output (C.O.) in (a) healthy persons and (b) Patients with heart failure VO2 = C.O. (HR × SV) (Reprinted from Pina et al. [4],…
Inhibition of the Sympathetic Nervous System
Fig. 6.1 Summary of the role of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in the pathophysiology of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. An initial myocardial injury, such as myocardial infarction,…
Molecular Changes in Heart Failure
Fig. 1.1 Physiologic and pathologic hypertrophic signaling Mechanical stretch also activates G-protein-coupled plasma membrane receptors such as AT1R and endothelin A (ETA) in cardiomyocytes and vascular smooth muscle cells, leading…
Post-transplant Complications: Hypertension, Renal Dysfunction, Diabetes Mellitus, Malignancy, Arrhythmias, Osteoporosis, Sexual Dysfunction
1. Calcineurin inhibitors Increased calcium permeability into mesangial cells Increased free calcium in smooth muscle cells Reduced glomerular ultrafiltration and renal failure Increased sympathetic activity Increased vasoconstrictive neurohormones (endothelin) 2….
