Intracoronary Imaging and Intracoronary Functional Tests
Feature Histology OCT IVUS In general Resolution 1 μm 10–20 μm 100–250 μm Imaging depth ∞ 1–2.5 mm 8–10 mm Detailed surface morphology + + – Vessel remodeling + –…
Aortic Valve Valvuloplasty
Fig. 7.1 (a) BAV performed with a 22 mm balloon catheter in a woman with a mean annuls diameter of 21 mm. (b) Annulus rupture through the free LV myocardial…
Interventional Treatment of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS): Non-ST Elevation ACS (NSTE-ACS)
Fig. 4.1 Recommended indications for the invasive and conservative strategies for the treatment of NSTE-ACS according to risk stratification (MI myocardial infarction, CKD chronic kidney disease, LVEF left ventricular ejection…
Peri- and Post-procedural Antithrombotic Therapy in Women
Drug Comparison Type of study Indication No. of individuals Follow-up Efficacy endpoint Relative risk (95 % CI) Safety endpoint Relative risk (95 % CI) Reference Acetylsalicylic acid Acetylsali-cylic acid Placebo…
Hemodynamics and Heart Failure
Coronary heart disease Acute coronary syndromes Hypertension Often associated with left ventricular hypertrophy and preserved ejection fraction Cardiomyopathies Familial/genetic or non-familial/non-genetic (including acquired, e.g. myocarditis) Hypertrophic (HCM), dilated (DCM), restrictive…
Medical Management of the Patient with Chronic Mechanical Circulatory Support
Fig. 28.1 Thoratec HeartMate II Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD). Left; LVAD system complete with external controller connected to the LVAD via a percutaneous drive line with power input from…
Valve Repair and Replacement in Congestive Heart Failure
Fig. 19.1 This figure demonstrates the subtle differences in ischemic mitral regurgitation (IMR) and functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) (Reprinted from Timek and Miller [7], © 2011, with permission from Elsevier)…
Ventricular Arrhythmias and Heart Failure
Structural heart disease Reentry Triggered activity Automaticity Infarct-related cardiomyopathy Coronary artery disease/Myocardial infarction ++++ + ++ Non-ischemic cardiomyopathy Dilated cardiomyopathy ++++ + ++ Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ++++ + + Arrhythmogenic RV…
Pathophysiology of the Alloimmune Response and Immunosuppression
Fig. 21.1 Steps in T lymphocyte activation and proliferation. Panel a Multiple signals are required for T cell activation and proliferation in response to alloantigen recognition. Panel b Donor antigens…
Physiology of Stem Cells
Fig. 30.1 Stem and progenitor cells defined by proliferative and differentiation capacity. This figure depicts the reduction in proliferative potential and differentiation potential during cell maturation. It should be kept…
