Chest radiography Chest tomosynthesis (SONIALVISION safire series) Chest CT Examination time Several seconds Several tens of seconds Several minutes Performance when detecting lesions that are difficult to visualize Limited…
Fig. 13.1 BF-290 series (Olympus, Ltd). (a) BF-Q290, BF-H290, BF-1TQ290. (b) BF-XP290, BF-P290. (c) Comparison of the BF-260 series and the BF-290 series. The BF-290 scopes are newly equipped with…
Fig. 6.1 Two-dimensional axial computed tomography image Fig. 6.2 Multi-planar reconstruction (MPR) Fig. 6.3 Volume rendering on CT. (a) 3D-CT mapping for brain cancer surgery, (b) 3D-CT mapping for colon…
Preliminary medication Pethidine hydrochloride (Opystan®) 35 mg/1 mL is injected intravenously at the following doses: Weight >50 kg → 0.5 mL Weight ≤50 kg → 0.25 mL Age >80 years…
Fig. 22.1 Radiation analyzer Fig. 22.2 The members of the medical staff as they perform bronchoscopy 22.2 Results Table 22.1 shows the results of the measurements. The median radiation exposure…
Fig. 7.1 Potential pathways and mechanisms of tobacco smoke in the development of airway inflammation. Tobacco smoke activates macrophages and epithelial cells in the airways via the activation of Toll-like…
Fig. 12.1 Neural regulation of bronchial tone[2]. eNANC excitatory NANC, Ach acetylcholine. (Ref : Cazzola M, Pharmacol Rev 2012, 64:450–504.) 12.1.1 Cholinergic Pathway Acetylcholine (ACh) is the “classic” neurotransmitter of…
First authors of the studies and references Number of cases Number of controls Novel genes or genomic regions related to COPD Replicate genes or regions Pillai [44] 823 810 CHRNA3/CHRNA5/IREB,…
Fig. 2.1 Top 10 cause of death in the world in 2012 (World Health Organization reported COPD as top 3 cause of death in the world in 2012 http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs310/en/) Fig….
Fig. 11.1 Comparison of cumulative survival rate in the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) study and the US Nocturnal Oxygen Therapy Trial (NOTT). Long-term oxygen therapy for greater than 15 h…
