(1) Institute of Pathology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria 23.1 Biopsies There are different types of biopsies one can receive: bronchial biopsies, transbronchial biopsies, ultrasound-guided needle biopsies, and transthoracic…
(1) Institute of Pathology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria The lung develops from the foregut. At the highness of the later larynx, the single tube splits into two buds…
(1) Institute of Pathology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria After being used in the therapy of melanomas, immunotherapy is now also used in NSCLC. A major breakthrough in establishing…
(1) Institute of Pathology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria By bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) a proportion of inflammatory cells are washed out from the lung. The mechanism is still poorly…
(1) Institute of Pathology, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria 19.1 Introduction Within the last decade, many important discoveries were made in the regulation of growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and metastasis…
Fig. 11.1 CT scan of a patient who developed adult respiratory distress syndrome after thoracotomy. CT scan of a patient following thoracotomy for left upper lobectomy who subsequently developed adult…
Fig. 7.1 VATS for the evacuation of the retained hemothorax or revising the location of chest tube may help in resolving of the residual hemothorax. (a) Early postoperative period. (b)…
Fig. 2.1 Postoperative patient triage. Abbreviations: PACU postanesthesia care unit, HDU high dependency unit, ICU intensive care unit A clinician’s judgment on postoperative triage is largely based on predicting the…
Fig. 6.1 (a, b) A traditional PACU square open-ward design, (c) the PACU bed-spaces and [white arrows] the standard bright fluorescent ceiling lights Fig. 6.2 The stored PACU supplies in…
