Gradea Description of injury I Contusion/hematoma II Superficial laceration (<1 cm) III Deep laceration (≥1 cm) IV Laceration involving uterine artery V Avulsion/devascularization aAdvance one grade for bilateral injuries up…
Technique Ideal situation Advantages Pitfalls Primary repair Simple, clean laceration Rapid Potential for leak “One-step operation” Segmental resection and anastomosis Multiple lacerations, injuries close to mesenteric border – or those…
Grade Finding Treatment I Intramural hematoma or superficial laceration Observation and/or drain II <2 cm laceration of pylorus or GE junction End-to-end anastomosis <5 cm laceration of proximal one-third of…
Fig. 5.1 Clinical pathway for hemodynamically unstable patient with mechanical unstable fracture pattern 5.5.1 Hemodynamically Unstable Patient After clinical evaluation and POD placement, anteroposterior supine pelvis x-ray is obtained. If…
Fig. 10.1 A 3-D reconstruction from CT angiogram of the abdomen and pelvis 10.1.2 Angiography The majority of angiography is currently performed using digital subtraction. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) provides…
Fig. 8.1 Type B 3 fracture and primary total elbow replacement Fig. 8.2 Transcondylar humerus fracture (C2). Primary closed reduction and external fixator stabilization. Secondary open reduction and internal (anatomical)…
Fig. 7.1 Fractured L2 (A3.1). Posterior bisegmental instrumentation and L2 reduction by expandable cage Fig. 7.2 Fractured L1 (A3.2). Cement-augmented posterior stabilization, anterior subtotal corporectomy, and cage reconstruction Fig. 7.3…
Fig. 11.1 Left intrathoracic carotid artery secondary to gunshot wound The majority of carotid artery injuries are confined to the common carotid artery. According to the literature, the carotid artery…
Dysfunction Grade 0 Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Pulmonary PaO2/FiO2 >250 250–200 200–100 <100 Renal creatinine (mg/dl) <1.8 1.8–2.5 2.5–5.0 >5 Hepatic total bilirubin (mgdl/l) <2 2–4 4–8 >8…
Fig. 5.1 Type C pelvic fracture to the left hemipelvis in a hemodynamically unstable 29-year-old man. Standard x-ray of the pelvis in the emergency room shows right sacral fracture, left…
