Figure 43.1 Skin and greater pectoral muscle flaps are raised 5–6 cm lateral to the sternal border Sternal Reconstruction Several prosthetic materials are available to reconstruct sternal defects. Characteristics influencing…
Figure 28.1 The operation starts with a 5- to 8-cm collar incision in the neck. The subplatysmal flaps are widely dissected, and the muscles and vascular structures are liberated widely…
Figures 33.1 and 33.2 If an intraspinal extension of the neurogenic tumor can be safely excluded, it may be assumed that the tumor can be removed completely by thoracoscopy. An…
Figure 31.1 Thymus anatomy. Because there is a debate concerning the role of thymectomy in myasthenia gravis and, if indicated, what operative technique best accomplishes this goal, it is important…
Figure 41.1 (a–c) Anatomy of the thoracic duct in the mediastinum. After entering the chest through the aortic hiatus, the thoracic duct ascends on the right side of the vertebral…
Figure 29.1 Classical TBNA of a lymphnode station 7. The needle pierce the bronchial wall Figure 29.2 THe EBUS-TBNA scope from OLympus Figures 29.3 and 29.4 An EBUS image from…
Figure 21.1 Intralobar sequestration Figure 21.2 Extralobar sequestration Clinical Presentation The clinical presentation depends mainly on the type of sequestration. Extralobar sequestration may be detected antenatally by ultrasound. Otherwise, the…
Figure 27.1 Surgical technique; digital dissection of the trachea and innominate artery and scope insertion. Positioning is similar to that of conventional mediastinoscopy, with the patient supine, the neck reclined…
Figure 3.1 (a) Surgical technique. Surgery is carried out under sterile conditions in the operating theater. The patient is placed in the supine position with the cervical spine maximally reclined,…
Figure 19.1 In about 70 % of cases, a vascular sleeve resection is done for tumors of the left upper lobe, which is shown here. The patient is placed on…
