Endocrinology & the Heart
Endocrinology & the Heart Eveline Oestreicher Stock, MD Endocrinology involves the study of glands that secrete hormones into the circulation for effects at distant target sites. Classic endocrine glands include…
Conduction Disorders & Cardiac Pacing
Conduction Disorders & Cardiac Pacing Richard H. Hongo, MDNora F. Goldschlager, MD ESSENTIALS OF DIAGNOSIS Sinus node dysfunction (“sick sinus syndrome”) Sinus bradycardia: sinus rate of less than 60…
Pericardial Diseases
Pericardial Diseases Massimo Imazio, MD General Considerations A. Normal Pericardial Anatomy & Physiology The pericardium consists of two layers: a serous visceral layer, which is intimately adherent to the heart…
Mitral Stenosis
Mitral Stenosis D. Elizabeth Le, MD ESSENTIALS OF DIAGNOSIS Exertional dyspnea and fatigue. Opening snap, diastolic rumble murmur, loud S1, presystolic accentuated murmur. Right ventricular heave and loud P2…
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Karthik Ananthasubramaniam, MD ESSENTIALS OF DIAGNOSIS Note: Not all criteria are needed for diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Asymmetric hypertrophied nondilated ventricle with septal to posterior wall end-diastolic…
Pulmonary Hypertension
Pulmonary Hypertension Christopher F. Barnett, MD, MPHTeresa De Marco, MD ESSENTIALS OF DIAGNOSIS Pulmonary hypertension A loud pulmonic valve closure sound (P2), a right-sided S4, or a right ventricular…
Ventricular Tachycardia
Ventricular Tachycardia Nitish Badhwar, MD ESSENTIALS OF DIAGNOSIS Nonsustained: three or more consecutive QRS complexes of uniform configuration of ventricular origin at a rate of more than 100 bpm….
Cardiac Tumors
Cardiac Tumors Bill P.C. Hsieh, MDRita F. Redberg, MD, MSc ESSENTIALS OF DIAGNOSIS An uncommon but important differential diagnosis of cardiac masses. Diagnosis is suspected by history, physical examination,…
Tricuspid & Pulmonic Valve Disease
Tricuspid & Pulmonic Valve Disease Brian D. Hoit, MD Michael H. Crawford, MD TRICUSPID VALVE DISEASE ESSENTIALS OF DIAGNOSIS Tricuspid regurgitation Prominent v wave in jugular venous pulse. Systolic…
Pulmonary Embolic Disease
Pulmonary Embolic Disease Sandeep A. Saha, MBBSRajni K. Rao, MD ESSENTIALS OF DIAGNOSIS Otherwise unexplained dyspnea, tachypnea, or chest pain. Clinical, electrocardiogram, or echocardiographic evidence of acute cor pulmonale….
