Venous Physiology and Hemodynamics of Lower Limbs
Fig. 3.1 Mechanism of valve closure In the upright posture, a reflux lasting less than 0.5 s is physiological; if the duration exceeds 0.5 s, it is defined as pathological…
Nonthrombotic Iliac Vein Lesion (May-Thurner Syndrome)
Fig. 22.1 Nonthrombotic iliac vein lesion This anatomical finding is referred to as nonthrombotic iliac vein lesion (NIVL) and was considered to be of little clinical importance. The external compression…
Recurrent Varicose Veins
Fig. 10.1 Groin anatomy in recurrent varicose vein. Type I. SFJ patent. Type I A main stem (GSV intact). Type I B tributary (missed tributaries in the groin). Type I…
Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome
Fig. 23.1 Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome. (a) Localized hypertrophy. (b) Capillary hemangioma. (c) Lateral varicose veins 3. Deep venous abnormalities include aneurysmal dilation, hypoplasia, aplasia [12], and absent or incompetent valves….
Pelvic Venous Syndromes
© Springer India 2015Subramoniam Vaidyanathan, Riju Ramachandran Menon, Pradeep Jacob and Binni JohnChronic Venous Disorders of the Lower Limbs10.1007/978-81-322-1991-0_21 21. Pelvic Venous Syndromes Subramoniam Vaidyanathan1 (1) General Surgery, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita Lane, Kochi, Kerala, 682041,…
Chronic Venous Insufficiency: Clinical Features and Investigations
Fig. 12.1 (a) Late changes in the foot – equinus deformity. (b) Late changes in the foot – champagne glass appearance The champagne glass appearance (narrow ankle and expanded calf…
Chronic Venous Insufficiency and Venous Ulcers: Pathophysiology
Fig. 11.1 Venous ulcer with lipodermatosclerosis. Fixed ankle joint These lesions of CVI are typically located in the skin and subcutaneous tissue around the ankle joint, an area known as…
Pharmacotherapy of CVI
Molecule Drug Alpha benzopyrones Coumarins Gama benzopyrones Diosmin (micronized purified flavonoid fraction – MPFF) Rutin, rutosides Saponins Aescin (horse chestnut seed extract) Ruscus extract Other plant extracts Anthocyanins Extract of…
Principles of Treatment of Chronic Venous Insufficiency
Fig. 13.1 Flow chart for the management of primary CVI Treatment Outcome: Current Literature In contrast to a C2 lesion where all interventions have shown to produce considerable improvement in…
Lower Limb Venous Anatomy
Fig. 2.1 (a, b) SFJ anatomy Fig 2.2 Posterior tibial group of medial calf perforators The location of the SFJ as per textbooks of anatomy is 4 cm below and…
