Syncope and Sudden Death
Syncope and Sudden Death “The coroner’s jury sat upon the corpse, and, like sensible men, returned an unassailable verdict of ‘sudden death.’” –Nathaniel Hawthorne, The House of the Seven Gables…
Chest Pain
Chest Pain “The pathway to Hell is not paved with good intention. The pathway to Hell is paved with uncontrolled clinical trials.” Abdominal pain, leg pain (“growing pains”), headache, and…
Innocent Murmurs
Innocent Murmurs “One needs to know what is normal before one can know what is abnormal” Most children, at some time, will have a heart murmur. However, very few of…
Basic Diagnostic Studies
Basic Diagnostic Studies “Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence” Electrocardiography Numerous excellent textbooks on electrocardiography have been written, and this section is not intended to compete with or…
Pediatric Exercise Testing
Pediatric Exercise Testing “Those who think they have not time for bodily exercise will, sooner or later, have to find time for illness” Accurate and reproducible measurement of work performance…
Clinical Evaluation
Clinical Evaluation “Listen to what patients are saying because they are telling you the diagnosis” In most cases, it is difficult to arrive at an accurate anatomic diagnosis of the…
Cardiovascular Physiology
Cardiovascular Physiology “It is the physician’s privilege to cure sometimes, to relieve often, to comfort always” Basic Cardiovascular Physiology It is essential to understand basic cardiovascular physiology to appreciate the…
Operations on the Internal Carotid Artery
Operations on the Internal Carotid Artery INDICATIONS FOR CAROTID SURGERY The general adoption of the single metric of percent stenosis to select patients for intervention or operation is regrettable. It…
Reconstruction of the Vertebral Artery
Reconstruction of the Vertebral Artery INDICATIONS FOR SURGERY Reconstruction of the VA is indicated in patients with VBI symptoms and appropriate VA lesions. Other than in reconstructions done for extracranial…
Operations on the Supraortic Trunks
Operations on the Supraortic Trunks The supraaortic trunks may be repaired directly through a trans-sternal approach and remotely through cervical incisions. TRANS-THORACIC REPAIRS: THE UPPER MIDSTERNOTOMY The advantages of the…
