The Sinus Node
1.3 The Sinus Node Size/form: 10–20 mm, spindle-shaped Location: In the first third of the sulcus terminalis along the axis between the opening of the superior vena cava and the…
Coronary Artery Anomalies
Coronary Artery Anomalies “The worst enemy of good is better” Normal Coronary Artery Anatomy There are two major coronary arteries—left and right. The left main coronary artery divides into the…
Cardiomyopathy
Cardiomyopathy “If it takes more than 10 minutes of discussion to decide if a patient needs an operation, it is best not to operate” There are three distinct cardiomyopathies: Hypertrophic,…
Right-to-Left Shunts
Right-to-Left Shunts “Loeb’s Four Rules of Medicine 1. If the patient is getting better, keep doing what you are doing 2. If the patient is getting worse, change something 3….
Acquired Heart Diseases
Acquired Heart Diseases “Don’t attempt to make a patient better faster than it took the patient to become ill” Rheumatic Fever Acute rheumatic fever is a multisystem inflammatory disorder resulting…
Obstructive and Regurgitant Lesions
Obstructive and Regurgitant Lesions “One cannot know how to treat a disease until one understands the natural history of the disease” Aortic Stenosis and Insufficiency Incidence and Types There are…
Left-to-Right Shunts
Left-to-Right Shunts “A surgeon knows how to operate, a good surgeon knows when to operate, and an excellent surgeon know when not to operate” A left-to-right shunt exists when blood…
Principles of Inheritance and Genetics of Congenital Heart Disease
Principles of Inheritance and Genetics of Congenital Heart Disease “Pick a rare disease and study it” Principles of Inheritance of Congenital Heart Disease Multifactorial Inheritance Most forms of congenital heart…
