Thoracic Key

Biventricular Pacing in Congestive Heart Failure William T. Abraham Electrophysiological disturbances, including arrhythmias and conduction disorders, are common in the setting of congestive heart failure. For example, approximately 30% to…

The Medical Management of Chronic Heart Failure in Patients with Systolic Dysfunction Barry H. Greenberg Since publication of the first edition of this book, substantial changes in the medical management…

Management of Acute and Decompensated Heart Failure Gary S. Francis W.H. Wilson Tang The pharmacologic management of acute heart failure has evolved considerably since the last edition of this textbook….

Natriuretic Peptides as Biomarkers to Detect, Risk-Stratify, and Manage Patients with Heart Failure Susan Isakson Alan Maisel Cardiac disease is a leading cause of death around the world, accounting for…

Physical Examination in Heart Failure Kanu Chatterjee The goals of physical examination in patients with suspected or established heart failure are as follows: To determine the potential cause of heart…

Primary Prevention of Heart Failure David W. Baker Stephen D. Persell The American Heart Association (AHA) estimates that 5 million Americans have symptomatic heart failure (1), and 15 million people…

Inotropic Agents Ozlem Soran Arthur M. Feldman Oral and Intravenous Inotropic Agents As noted elsewhere in this text, the primary hemodynamic abnormality in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) secondary…

Vasodilators Uri Elkayam Fahed Bitar Sarkis Kiramijyian Parta Hatamizadeh Philip F. Binkley Carl V. Leier The introduction of vasodilator therapy as a major intervention for heart failure occurred when Gould…

Beta-Blocker Therapy for Heart Failure Henry Krum Beta-adrenergic blocking agents (beta-blockers) are now well-established as mandatory therapy in patients with systolic chronic heart failure, unless not tolerated or contraindicated. Use…