Markers of kidney damage (one or more) Albuminuria Urine sediment abnormalities Electrolyte and other abnormalities due to tubular disorders Abnormalities detected by histology Structural abnormalities detected by imaging History of…
where is the longitudinal relaxation time of blood without Gd, T 1 is the shortened longitudinal relaxation time of blood in the presence of Gd, and R 1 is the…
(4.1) where S0(x,y) represents the object, x and y are the image-domain position or distance variables in centimeters, and kx and ky are the spatial frequency domain variables (the frequency…
Fig. 5.1 Reducing TR. Several different ways to reduce the TR in a standard Fast Low-Angle SHot (FLASH) sequence, shown in (a): Shorter gradient durations with higher gradient strengths can…
Fig. 10.1 GRE pulse sequence with resulting magnetization displayed at the bottom What Is the FID? Once the externally-applied RF signal has ended, H1 spins will realign such that the…
Fig. 12.1 Saturation recovery (90-Tsat-ACQ) Fig. 12.2 Inversion recovery (180-TI-ACQ) The most commonly used T1-weighted imaging sequence is the one used for evaluating myocardial viability with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE),…
Fig. 9.1 Simultaneous ECG (black), left ventricular pressure (blue) and volume (red) waveforms illustrate the electromechanical relationship of a cardiac cycle. The P wave represents atrial depolarization and occurs at…
Fig. 1.1 The generic process behind any modern medical imaging system, including MRI Nuclear Spin in a Magnetic Field Hydrogen has a nuclear property known as “spin” that results in…
Fig. 3.1 General structure of a CMR pulse sequence. The key components (magnetization preparation, respiratory navigation (NAV) and imaging (readout)) are defined within two consecutive R waves (i.e. within an…
