Thoracic Key

Fig. 11.1 Landmarks of femoral artery and vein access (From Bergersen [1], with permission) The pulse of the femoral artery should be sought. The femoral vein runs closely medial to…

Fig. 45.1 Left tracing, normal; right tracing typical of constriction. Normally there is a concordant fall in LV and RV pressures in inspiration. In constriction, there is discordance of LV…

Fig. 27.1 Lateral view of contrast injection in inferior caval vein: a 20 mm conduit is mounted between the inferior caval vein and pulmonary artery; a 4.5 mm fenestration allos…

Fig. 33.1 Percutaneous closure of large ASD in adult. (a) Large ASD with significant left-to-right shunt at color Doppler analysis. (b) LV end-diastolic pressure before ASD temporary occlusion. (c) Dynamic…

Fig. 32.1 Example of postsurgical muscular VSD closure. Transesophageal echocardiography of a postsurgical muscular VSD in a 73-year-old male after recurrent aortic valve surgery and myectomy (Qp/Qs ratio 2, evidence…

Fig. 22.1 Aortic coarctation in LAT and AP projections   8. Measurements (lateral projection is most commonly used): diameters of transverse arch distal to the brachiocephalic artery, distal to the…

Fig. 23.1 Angiograms performed in the right femoral vein (a) and left femoral vein (b) show total occlusion of the common iliac veins bilaterally as well as of the infrarenal…

Fig. 21.1 After deliberate overstenting of the left pulmonary artery, an ultrahigh-pressure balloon was inserted across the struts and dilated to its nominal diameter, breaking the stent struts at about…

Drug Induction Maintenance Ketamine 0.5–2 mg/kg 0.01–0.05 mcg/kg/min Midazolam 0.1–0.3 mg/kg 1–3 mcg/kg/min Propofol 1–2 mg/kg 3–5 mg/kg/h Sevoflurane 3–5 % 1–2 % Fentanyl 3–5 mcg/kg 1–2 mcg/kg/min Morphine 0.1…