Grade Description I Ordinary physical activity does not cause angina, such as walking and climbing stairs. Angina with strenuous or rapid or prolonged exertion at work or recreation. II Slight…
Generic Chronic heart failure-specific or targeted Domain or factor-specific Short Form Health Survey 36 (SF-36) Minnesota Living with Heart Failure (MLHF) Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) Sickness Impact Profile (SIP)…
8. Benzer W, Hofer S, Oldridge NB (2003) Health-related quality of life in patients with coronary artery disease after different treatments for angina in routine clinical practice. Herz 28:421–428PubMedCrossRef 9….
Pain and discomfort energy and fatigue, sexual activity, sleep and rest and sensory functioning Positive feelings thinking, learning, memory, and concentration; self-esteem; bodily image and appearance; and negative feelings Mobility…
Study Number of patients/observation period Questionnaire used Outcome Lönnerholm [32] N = 48, AF patients resistant to pharmacologic treatment/1 year SF-36 -improvement in all domains of the SF-36 with the…
Relative risk 95 % Confidence interval P value Overall 1.48 1.25–1.74 <0.001 CAD 1.46 1.31–1.63 <0.001 Stroke 1.35 1.19–1.54 <0.001 All-cause mortality 1.19 1.05–1.34 0.005 The FRS is a…
Fig. 20.1 The three-piece inflatable penile prosthesis creates a firmer erection than its two-piece counterpart. This fluid-filled implant features two inflatable cylinders implanted in the penis, a pump placed in…
Artery Diameter (mm) Clinical event Penile 1–2 ED Coronary 3–4 Ischaemic heart disease Carotid 5–7 TIA/stroke Femoral 6–8 Claudication TIA transient ischaemic attack Thus, on the basis of the artery…
Fig. 24.1 Management of hypertensive patients with CVD (a) or without known CVD (b). *Low-risk patients include those with complete revascularization (e.g., via coronary artery bypass grafting, stenting, or angioplasty),…
Reference HR Men (n) CVD (%) Hypertension (%) Mean follow-up (years) All-cause mortality/CVD Shores et al. [23] 1.88 858 20.7 NA 8.0 All cause Khaw et al. [24] 2.29 2,314…
