Pathophysiology and epidemiology 1. Poor understanding of the pathophysiology in AHFS 2. Heterogeneous patient population in terms of pathophysiology, etiology, and clinical presentation 3. Uncertain relationship between hemodynamics and neurohormonal…
Fig. 19.1 Relationship between different strains of rats whose selective crossing over several generations gave rise to different animal models of diabetes, hypertension, obesity and metabolic syndrome. Currently male obese…
Fig. 12.1 Schematic representation of SR Ca2+-cycling proteins and their global interactions in cardiomyocytes. (a) Calcium enters through the dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR) and activates the ryanodine receptor (RyR) to release…
Fig. 27.1 Increasing number of publications in PUBMED regarding cardiorenal syndrome The term syndrome derives from the Greek συνδρομή (sundromē) that means “concurrence of symptoms, concourse” and reflects the presence…
Fig. 6.1 The HPA axis and systemic actions of glucocorticoids. CRH corticotropin-releasing hormone, ACTH adrenocorticotropic hormone (Figure 6.1 was prepared using image vectors from Servier Medical Art (www.ervier.com), licensed under…
© Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015Dennis V. Cokkinos (ed.)Introduction to Translational Cardiovascular Research10.1007/978-3-319-08798-6_29 29. Gene Therapy for the Heart Eleni Papanikolaou1, 2 and Nicholas P. Anagnou1, 2 (1) Laboratory of Cell and Gene Therapy, Biomedical Research Foundation…
20. Andreadou I, Iliodromitis EK, Koufaki M, Farmakis D, Tsotinis A, Kremastinos DT. Alternative pharmacological interventions that limit myocardial infarction. Curr Med Chem. 2008;15:1304–13. 21. Xin W, Yang X, Rich…
Fig. 5.1 β-AR signaling. The major intracellular effect of the sympathetic transmitters norepinephrine and epinephrine is mediated by formation of 3’, 5’-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP), which increases the activity of the…
Definition Notes Methods of detection [3–5] Molecular or morphological criteria lo define dead cells Loss of plasma membrane integrity Plasma membrane has broken down, resulting in the loss of cell’s…
Fig. 4.1 Scheme of the RAAS and its inhibitors. Enzymes are in green, inhibitors are in red. Abbreviations: ACE angiotensin converting enzyme, ACEi ACE inhibitors, Dri direct renin inhibitors, ARB…
