Agent Class Gender-specific variable analysed Gender-related variances References Antiplatelets Aspirin COX-1 inhibitor Platelet reactivity in women treated with aspirin. Higher agonist-induced platelet reactivity in women Becker et al. [9] …
Heart Failure and Pulmonary Hypertension in Women
Classification EF Description I. Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) ≤40 Alo referred to as systolic HF Efficacious therapies well demonstrated to date. II. Heart failure with preserved ejection…
Management of Stable Ischemic Heart Disease in Women
1. Severe resting LV dysfunction (LVEF <35 %) not readily explained by noncoronary causes 2. Resting perfusion abnormalities ≥10 % of the myocardium in patients without prior history or evidence…
Pharmacotherapy Considerations in Cardiovascular Disease in Women: Therapeutic Implications for Cardiovascular Disease
Non-biological Biological Drug development process Pharmacokinetics Mainly done in young male animals of well selected genetic background Body composition Weight Reductionist approach Absorption Clinical phase 1 and 2 trials mainly…
Invasive Therapy for Women Presenting with Acute Coronary Syndromes
Preferred strategy Patient characteristics Early Invasive Recurrent angina or ischemia at rest or with low-level activities despite intensive medical therapy Elevated cardiac biomarkers (TnT or TnI) New ST-segment depression Signs…
Eisenmenger syndrome Cyanosis from any cause Marfan syndrome with aortopathy Severe/symptomatic mitral or aortic stenosis Pulmonary arterial hypertension from any cause Symptomatic heart failure from any cause Adapted from Thorne…
The Impact of Stress, Depression, and Other Psychosocial Factors on Women’s Cardiovascular Health
Fig. 19.1 Pathophysiologic mechanisms of stress on the development of atherosclerosis. Stress activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system and depresses the parasympathetic nervous system. This results in…
Effects of Hormones and Hormone Therapy on Cardiovascular Health in Women
Direct effects Indirect effects Arterial vasodilatation Lowers cholesterol Improves vascular tone Decreases insulin resistance Inhibits smooth muscle proliferation Inhibits platelet aggregation Inhibits endothelial dysfunction Improves fibrinolysis and activates coagulation Facilitates…
Hypertension in Women
BP classification SBP (mmHg) DBP (mmHg) Normal <120 and <80 Prehypertension 120–139 or 80–89 Stage 1 hypertension 140–159 or 90–99 Stage 2 hypertension >160 or >100 Source: National Heart, Lung,…
Arrhythmias in Women: A Practical Approach
Fig. 10.1 The initial approach to the patient with unexplained syncope Evaluation of Palpitations A 12-lead electrocardiogram is the initial evaluation for all patients with palpitations. This should be evaluated…
