Fig. 47.1 The difference between nodal (Ca++) and muscle (Na++) action potentials is illustrated. Compared with sodium channels of muscle, nodal calcium channel APs have a less negative resting membrane…
1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) 1.1 Idiopathic 1.2 Heritable 1.2.1 BMPR2 1.2.2 ALK1, ENG, Smad9, Cav1, KCNK3 1.2.3 Unknown 1.3 Drug and toxin induced 1.4 Associated with 1.4.1 Connective tissue…
Baseline to year 2 P value Year 2 to year 4 P value Year 4 to year 6 P value Characteristic Subjects without diabetes mellitus at the beginning of…
Fig. 38.1 Schematic of the nephron illustrating the handling of water and electrolytes by the different segments and the major nephron sites of diuretic action. Aldosterone effect influences sodium and…
Name Target channel Applicability CYP Remarks Dihydropyridines Nifedipine L HBP, AP 3A4 Slow-release tablets Nicardipine L HBP, HF 2D6, 3A4 Slow-release tablets, intravenous Nilvadipine L, T HBP 3A4 Nisoldipine L…
Fig. 27.1 Pathways for the synthesis of long-chain omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Leukotriene B (LTB); prostaglandin E (PGE); thromboxane A (TXA), prostacyclin (PGI) Fig. 27.2 Potential atheroprotective mechanisms…
Fig. 28.1 RCT model showing (1) cholesterol efflux, (2) cholesterol esterification by LCAT, and (3) selective hepatic uptake of HDL lipids One approach has been to increase the quality or…
Fig. 62.1 miRNAs are a distinct class of regulatory molecules. MicroRNAs are transcribed from the genome as pri-miRNAs (1) that are processed in the nucleus by a protein complex (2)…
WHO 1 Risk no higher than general population WHO 2 Small increased risk of maternal mortality and morbidity WHO 3 Significant increased risk of maternal mortality and morbidity. Expert cardiac…
Fig. 61.1 Changes in MAP in response to chronic reduced uterine perfusion (RUPP) in pregnant rats and following pretreatment with an ETA receptor antagonist (+ETA) in (a) RUPP and (b)…
