Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are mycobacteria other than Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae. Previous names for this group of organisms included “environmental mycobacteria,” “atypical mycobacteria,” or “mycobacteria…
Pulmonary Tuberculosis Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic, recurrent, contagious infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is estimated that in 2006…
Bacterial Pneumonia Pneumonia is a common cause of morbidity and mortality. In the United States there are an estimated 4 million cases of community-acquired pneumonia annually, resulting in approximately 600,000…
Pulmonary Infection: Basic Concepts Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, respiratory tract infection continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Pneumonia is the leading cause of death…
Arrhythmias BRADYCARDIA AND AV BLOCK BRADYCARDIAS Sinus bradycardia (SB) (NEJM 2000;342:703) Etiologies: meds (incl βB, CCB, amio, Li, dig), → vagal tone (incl. in athletes, sleep, IMI), metabolic (hypoxia, sepsis,…
Vascular Disease HYPERTENSION Classification Category Systolic (mmHg) Diastolic (mmHg) Normal <120 <80 Pre-HTN 120-139 80-89 Stage 1 HTN 140-159 90-99 Stage 2 HTN ≥160 ≥100 Average ≥2 measurements >1-2 min…
Myocardial, Valvular, and Pericardial Disease HEART FAILURE Definitions (Braunwald’s Heart Disease, 10th ed., 2014) Failure of heart to pump blood forward at sufficient rate to meet metabolic demands of peripheral…
Coronary Disease ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY Approach (a systematic approach is vital) Rate (? tachy or brady) Rhythm (? P waves, ? relationship between P and QRS, ? regular) Intervals (PR, QRS, QT)…
Thoracoscopy Although thoracoscopy has been a part of thoracic surgical practice for many years, the advent of video-assisted techniques has greatly expanded the indications and the uses of this procedure….
Chest Tubes Chest tubes are frequently used in the practice of pulmonary medicine. Indeed, in 1995, it was estimated that 1,330,000 chest tubes were placed in the United States (1)….
