Introduction
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac rhythm disorder, and is associated with a high risk of mortality and morbidity. Among patients with AF, women tend to be at higher risk of stroke than men even after adjustment for baseline comorbid conditions. Female sex has therefore been incorporated in stroke risk stratification schemes, such as CHA2DS2VASc, and is specified in international guidelines for stroke prevention in AF. In this analysis from the baseline dataset of the RAMSES study (ReAl-life Multicenter Survey Evaluating Stroke prevention strategies in Turkey), we examined sex-related differences in presentation, treatment, and outcome of contemporary patients with non-valvular AF in Turkey. In this analysis, we focused on sex differences in clinical features and management.
Methods
RAMSES study was a cross-sectional, multicenter, nation-wide observational study conducted n non-valvular AF (NVAF) patients in Turkey. We studied the clinical data of 6264 Turkish patients participating in the RAMSES study. Consecutive patients were screened for eligibility at the time of their presentation to a cardiologist. Patients with the primary or secondary recorded diagnosis of AF were included. Patients were officially enrolled in the RAMSES study only if an electrocardiogram (ECG) diagnosis (12-lead ECG, or other electrocardiographic documentation) confirming AF was made.
Methods
RAMSES study was a cross-sectional, multicenter, nation-wide observational study conducted n non-valvular AF (NVAF) patients in Turkey. We studied the clinical data of 6264 Turkish patients participating in the RAMSES study. Consecutive patients were screened for eligibility at the time of their presentation to a cardiologist. Patients with the primary or secondary recorded diagnosis of AF were included. Patients were officially enrolled in the RAMSES study only if an electrocardiogram (ECG) diagnosis (12-lead ECG, or other electrocardiographic documentation) confirming AF was made.
Results
In the dataset of the RAMSES study female (n:3503) subjects were older (P<0.001), with a greater proportion aged ≥75 years (n:1351). First detected AF was lower in 3.5% of females, compared with 6.1% of males. Of the various comorbidities, the most common were chronic renal disease 1270 (38.4%) and hypertension 2514 (71.9%) in female (Table1). HF was lower common in females (P<0.001) and had lower prevalence of coronary artery disease (P<0.001). Stroke, history of any bleeding were not significantly different between males and females (p=0.683,p=0.258). CHA2DS2-VASc score ≥3 was more prevalent in females (P< 0.001). A HAS-BLED score of 1.7 ± 1.0 was found in females and 1.6 ± 1.1of males (Table 1).
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