Objective
There is an escalating amount of evidence implying relation between male type baldness and coronary artery disease. We aimed to search the relation between androgenetic alopecia (AGA) and cardiovascular atherosclerosis measured via carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and the SYNTAX score.
Methods
Of 451 subjects, 116 subjects with an indication for coronary angiography were eligible and prospectively enrolled into the study. AGA was classified according to the Hamilton baldness scale (for males) and Ludwig scale (for females). Laboratory examination for fasting lipid profile, glucose, thyroid stimulating hormone, creatinine, and whole blood count was carried out. Exclusion criteria were as follows: patients with acute coronary syndrome, previously diagnosed coronary, cerebral, and peripheral arterial disease, chronic kidney disease, congestive heart failure, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of <50%, thyroid, pituitary, and adrenal disorders, current or previous usage of medication for alopecia, and use of drugs such as androgen, anti-androgen, weight loss or insulin sensitizing drugs and glucocorticoids within the last 3 months. Subjects were separated into three groups according to degree of their baldness scale as follows: Group 1=mild, Group 2=moderate and Group 3=severe AGA. The SYNTAX score and CIMT were measured for each subject accordingly. Analyses of male and female subjects were carried out separately.
Methods
Of 451 subjects, 116 subjects with an indication for coronary angiography were eligible and prospectively enrolled into the study. AGA was classified according to the Hamilton baldness scale (for males) and Ludwig scale (for females). Laboratory examination for fasting lipid profile, glucose, thyroid stimulating hormone, creatinine, and whole blood count was carried out. Exclusion criteria were as follows: patients with acute coronary syndrome, previously diagnosed coronary, cerebral, and peripheral arterial disease, chronic kidney disease, congestive heart failure, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of <50%, thyroid, pituitary, and adrenal disorders, current or previous usage of medication for alopecia, and use of drugs such as androgen, anti-androgen, weight loss or insulin sensitizing drugs and glucocorticoids within the last 3 months. Subjects were separated into three groups according to degree of their baldness scale as follows: Group 1=mild, Group 2=moderate and Group 3=severe AGA. The SYNTAX score and CIMT were measured for each subject accordingly. Analyses of male and female subjects were carried out separately.
Results
Group 1, 2, and 3 of the male patients included 12, 34, and 15 subjects respectively while group 1, 2, and 3 of the female patients consisted of 29, 14, and 12 subjects respectively. Frequency of major cardiovascular risk factors and laboratory findings of the subjects between the groups were similar for both male and female subjects. Likewise, average age, height, weight, and BMI of groups of were statistically similar for both males and females (Table 1). For male subjects; group 3 had significantly higher SYNTAX score compared to group 1 (<0.001) and group 2 (<0.01). Similarly for female subjects, group 3 had significantly higher SYNTAX score compared to group 1 (p<0.001) and group 2 (p<0.001). Among both male and female subjects, CIMT of group 3 were significantly higher than that of other groups. The SYNTAX score was significantly correlated with CIMT value both in male (r=0.894 p<0.001) and female subjects (r=0.840 p<0.001).
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