Case 2: chest X-ray showed mild cardiomegaly. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a type B aortic dissection tracking into abdominal aorta (Videoclip 3.2a).

Echocardiography: the aortic arch from supersternal notch showed dilated ascending aorta (AAO) with intimal flap and DAO with true and false lumina (Figure 3.2, Videoclip 3.2d).

Figure 3.2 Transthoracic echocardiography: (a) the aortic arch from supersternal notch shows dilated ascending aorta with intimal flap, and descending aorta with true and false lumina (arrows). (b) The true and false lumina (arrows) are well seen in the same aortic arch with color Doppler. (c) Transsurface image shows an abdominal aortic dissection with small true and large false lumens; there are communications between true and false lumina.

Abdominal aortic dissection with small true and large false lumens were seen. TEE long-axis view indicated the color flows from true lumen into false lumen through intimal flap (Videoclip 3.2).

The echocardiographic characteristics of aortic dissection from other cases are shown in Videoclip 3.3.

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