No
Components
1.
Power supply
2.
X-ray tube bulb
3.
Fluoroscopy and radiography
4.
Imaging by DR or FPDa
5.
Image display
There has been an ongoing discussion on the increased radiation dose absorbed from medical imaging [1]. In 1980, medical imaging accounted for 15 % of the average annual radiation exposure of the US population (0.54 out of 3.6 mSv/year); in 2006, this proportion has grown to 50 % (3.0 out of 6.0 mSv/year) [2]. Although this increasing trend of radiation exposure was due to the more frequent use of computed tomography (CT) and nuclear cardiology, new techniques that reduce radiation dose to patients and staff are strongly desired.
Figure 1.1 shows an ideal setup of an X-ray fluoroscopy. We underscore that the quality and measurement of the metal filter greatly affect both the amount of radiation exposure and image quality. Providing a comfortable procedure to patients is also important to ensure long-lasting clinical examination and treatment. Figure 1.2 is a good example showing sponge mat.
Fig. 1.1
The ideal setup of an X-ray fluoroscopy equipment. (a) An X-ray grid is installed in front of an X-ray detector. (b) Metal filters are installed close to the X-ray tube bulb
Fig. 1.2
An example of X-ray fluoroscopy accessory, such as a mattress, that is especially designed to ensure patient comfort during procedures
1.2 X-Ray Fluoroscopy Equipment for Bronchoscopy
Multidirectional fluorography and high-quality radiography images are needed for bronchoscopy. Figure 1.3 illustrates an example setup that is equipped with C-arm and over tube. Information about the clinical demands, space of the room, etc. is necessary in order to select a suitable device. Multipurpose X-ray fluoroscopy may be recommended when the purpose is for use during diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy procedures, both respiratory and gastrointestinal. Some ancillary and peripheral devices would be needed for fluoroscopy during bronchoscopy (Fig. 1.4). These are enumerated below:
