Abstract
Hypertension is among the most prevalent diagnoses across the world and increases the risk of many serious health problems, such as stroke, heart disease, and kidney disease. Pharmacological approaches to treat hypertension are often required and reduce blood pressure through mechanisms such as vasodilation, inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway, and increased urine output to reduce blood volume, among other mechanisms. Further research is ongoing to find novel pathways and mechanisms to treat hypertension, which we summarize in this review. We used clinicaltrials.gov to gather information about ongoing clinical trials of pharmacological hypertension therapy as of March 2024 and found 103 clinical trials that met our criteria. The interventions of these 103 clinical trials include novel and previously approved pharmacological and dietary supplement therapies for hypertension. We aim to use these clinical trials to provide insight into the future therapies and practices of hypertension treatment.
Introduction
Hypertension is among the most prevalent diagnoses across the world and increases the risk of many serious health problems, such as stroke, heart, and kidney disease. Across the globe, hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease with evidence showing a significant reduction in cardiovascular events with blood pressure control According to the CDC (Center for Disease Control) statistics, in 2020, approximately half (48.1%) of the adult US population had hypertension, defined as a blood pressure greater than 130/80 mmHg or taking medication for hypertension, and it was a primary or contributing cause of 691,095 deaths in the US in 2021 Averaged over 12 years from 2003 to 2014, hypertension costs the US $131 billion each year Furthermore, global data suggests that 42% of people with hypertension are both diagnosed and treated but only 21% of people with hypertension have controlled blood pressure According to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), among US adults with hypertension, age-adjusted proportion with controlled blood pressure increased from 1999/2000 (31.8%) to 2007/2008 (48.5%), remained stable from 2007/2008 (48.5%) to 2013/2014 (53.8%) and then decreased till 2017-2018 (43.7%)
Most cases of hypertension are primary (essential) hypertension, while 5-10% of hypertensive patients have a known cause for their elevated blood pressure (BP) Pharmacological approaches to treat hypertension are often required and reduce BP through mechanisms such as vasodilation, inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway, and increased urine output to reduce blood volume, among other mechanisms. Further research is ongoing to improve on current approaches and to find novel pathways and mechanisms to treat hypertension, which we summarize in this review.
Methods
Clinicaltrials.gov is an online database for clinical research studies. We searched for clinical trials studying pharmacotherapy for hypertension as of March 2024 with the advanced search option with the search terms “ hypertension ”, “ blood pressure ”, “ high blood pressure ”, “ elevated blood pressure ”, or “ increased blood pressure ”. We included studies that were “ not yet recruiting”, “ recruiting”, “ active not recruiting ”, and “ enrolling by invitation ”. We only included studies with “ interventional” study type. We excluded trials with study participants under 18 years of age, where hypertension was not the primary condition being studied, and trials studying pulmonary hypertension or gestational hypertension. We excluded trials that studied non-pharmacological interventions except for dietary supplements, including device therapies, behavioral therapies, monitoring, etc. 103 trials met inclusion criteria and were included in our review ( Fig. 1 ).
Results
Angiotensin II receptor blockers
Angiotensin II receptor Blockers (ARB) are regarded favorably as first-line agents in hypertension management These agents bind to the angiotensin II receptor type 1 and cause selective inhibition by preventing its attachment to angiotensin II A wide range of variability exists regarding chemical structure and efficacy amongst agents in this class, with Losartan being one of the first ARBs to be introduced to the market. telmisartan (Micardis) is another ARB with selective inhibition of the angiotensin II receptor along with partial agonist activity towards peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-g) Compared to losartan, telmisartan (Micardis) causes sustained and irreversible angiotensin 1 inhibition A recent meta-analysis supported that telmisartan (Micardis) is superior to losartan in terms of BP-reducing potential and side effect profile in the Asian patient population The PRISTINE trial (NCT05843162) is currently underway to compare the efficacy of telmisartan (Micardis) vs. losartan in hypertensive patients with metabolic syndrome to evaluate the mean sitting systolic blood pressure (MSSBP) change after 12 weeks in each cohort.
A meta-analysis comparing different types of ARBs indicated superior efficacy of fimasartan, olmesartan, and telmisartan (Micardis) for BP control over 4-week periods However, to tailor specific ARB use and to compare their efficacy with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi), it is important to understand the effects of these agents on RAS-related factors, including serum ACE and angiotensin levels which is the rationale behind NCT05173025. Fimasartan vs. amlodipine administration will be compared to measure the change in serum angiotensin(1-7) levels at 12 weeks.
Azilsartan, one of the newer ARB agents, has been shown to exhibit more potent blood pressure-lowering effects due partly to its prolonged action duration It has been studied as part of a triple combination trial alongside amlodipine-hydrochlorothiazide and has been shown to be effective in BP control NCT05385770 is an 8-week, multicenter trial designed to investigate ideal dosing for azilsartan-amlodipine combination therapy and to compare its efficacy in lowering MSSBP to monotherapy with both drugs ( Table 1 and Fig. 2 ).
| Drug class | Trial acronym | Trial phase | Intervention | Primary outcome | Estimated completion | Registration number |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Angiotensin II receptor blockers | ||||||
| PRISTINE | 4 | telmisartan (Micardis) | Losartan | Mean systolic sitting blood pressure at baseline compared to 12 weeks | 2023-12 | NCT05843162 | |
| FAoRAS | 4 | Fimasartan | Changes of serum angiotensin(1-7) at week 12 from baseline | 2023-12 | NCT05173025 | |
| NA | 3 | DRUG: AZM X mg + AML Y mg|DRUG: AZM X mg + AML Y’ mg|DRUG: AZM X’ mg + AML Y mg|DRUG: AZM X’ mg + AML Y’ mg|DRUG: AZM X mg|DRUG: AZM X’ mg|DRUG: AML Y mg|DRUG: AML Y’ mg | Mean sitting SBP change from baseline | 2023-08 | NCT05385770 | |
| NA | Early 1 | Innovative Dietary Formulation | Losartan | Change in systolic blood pressure from baseline to month 1, month 2 and month 3 | 2023-09 | NCT04403347 | |
| Angiotensin II receptor blockers – thiazide diuretics | ||||||
| NA | 4 | Losartan-hydrochlorothiazide | Amlodipine-hydrochlorothiazide | Adverse events at 8 weeks Blood pressure control rate at 8 weeks | 2024-05 | NCT03946514 | |
| NA | 3 | Losartan-chlorthalidone | Losartan-hydrochlorothiazide | Change in systolic/diastolic blood pressure at baseline and 2 months | 2023-12 | NCT04927299 | |
| NA | 3 | Olmesartan Medoxomil 20mg + Chlorthalidone 12,5mg | Olmesartan medoxomil 20mg + Chlortalidone 25mg | Olmesartan 20mg + hydrochlorothiazide 12,5mg | Reduction of systolic blood pressure at 60 days | 2026-11 | NCT02493322 | |
| NA | 3 | Olmesartan medoxomil 40mg + chlorthalidone 12,5mg | Olmesartan medoxomil 40mg + chlorthalidone 25mg | Olmesartan 40mg + Hydrochlorothiazide 12,5mg | Olmesartan 40mg + Hydrochlorothiazide 25mg | Reduction of systolic blood pressure at 60 days | 2026-09 | NCT02483936 | |
| NA | 3 | DRUG: Fimasartan + Indapamide|DRUG: Fimasartan + Indapamide placebo | The change of sitting systolic blood pressure | 2024-10 | NCT05878561 | |
| Angiotensin II receptor blocker – lipid-lowering agent | ||||||
| NA | 3 | Fimasartan | Ezetimibe/Atorvastatin | Fimasartan Placebo | Ezetimibe/Atorvastatin Placebo | The change of mean sitting systolic blood pressure from baseline to 8 weeks | 2024-06 | NCT05930028 | |
| Beta blockers | ||||||
| NA | NA | Nebivolol | telmisartan (Micardis) | Changes in central blood pressure at 4, 8, 12 weeks | 2026-03 | NCT05328310 | |
| ARTEMISIA | 4 | Nebivolol 5 mg | ramipril (Altace) 2.5/5/10 mg | Change in mean sitting DBP from week 0 to week 12 | 2024-05 | NCT06104423 | |
| BETTER | 4 | Nerkardou (5 mg) & (10 mg) | The frequency of occurrence of the first dose hypotension | 2025-04 | NCT05880056 | |
| Calcium channel blockers | ||||||
| NA | 4 | Amlodipine/Atorvastatin 5 Mg-10 Mg | Amlodipine 5mg | Lifestyle intervention | Change in mean systolic blood pressure after 12 months | 2025-06 | NCT05165251 | |
| TOPSPIN | 4 | Amlodipine + Perindopril | Perindopril + Indapamide | Amlodipine + Indapamide | Change in ambulatory systolic pressure from baseline and 6 months | 2023-12 | NCT05683301 | |
| NA | 2 | Amlodipine | Chlorthalidone | Losartan | Home BP monitoring with cuffed device | Home BP monitoring with cuffed device + BP patch | Home BP monitoring with cuffed device + BP watch | Change in systolic blood pressure after 6 months | 2027-05 | NCT05370599 | |
| BLOCK HFpEF | 4 | amlodipine besylate (Norvasc) | Metoprolol Succinate | Change in home systolic blood pressure measured during the last week of each of the two 4-week intervention phases | 2024-10 | NCT04434664 | |
| NA | 4 | Sacubitril/valsartan | Amlodipine | Change in left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LVGLS) after 24-week treatments | 2023-12 | NCT04929600 | |
| NA | 4 | Nitrendipine/Atenolol | Nitrendipine | Atenolol | Ambulatory systolic blood pressure variability | 2023-06 | NCT04931108 | |
| NA | 3 | LCZ696 | LCZ/Amlodipine | Change from baseline to Week 8 in mean sitting systolic blood pressure | 2026-09 | NCT06236061 | |
| NA | 2 | Amlodipine | Chlorthalidone | Losartan | Home BP monitoring with cuffed device | Home BP monitoring with cuffed device + BP patch | Home BP monitoring with cuffed device + BP watch | Change in systolic blood pressure after 6 months | 2027-05 | NCT05370599 | |
| Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists | ||||||
| NA | NA | spironolactone (Aldactone) | Amiloride | Average home systolic blood pressure at week 12 | 2024-12 | NCT04331691 | |
| SPICE PILOT | 2 | spironolactone (Aldactone) | Chlorthalidone | Placebo | Change in Systolic Automated Office Blood Pressure from baseline to 12 weeks between arms | 2023-12 | NCT05222191 | |
| NA | 4 | Finerenone | spironolactone (Aldactone) | The proportion of patients with blood pressure<140/90 mmHg at 12 weeks. | 2026-03 | NCT05814770 | |
| NA | 4 | Eplerenone | Amlodipine | Change in systolic blood pressure between baseline and 4 weeks on study drug | 2026-06 | NCT04840342 | |
| Clarion-CKD | 3 | DRUG: Placebo|DRUG: KBP-5074 | Change in seated trough cuff SBP from baseline to Week 12 Change in seated trough cuff SBP from Week 48 to Week 52 | 2025-01 | NCT04968184 | |
| Triple/Quadruple Pill Combinations | ||||||
| OPTION TREAT | 3 | Candesartan cilexetil + chlorthalidone + amlodipine | Exforge HCT® (valsartan 160mg + hydrochlorothiazide 12.5mg + amlodipine 5mg) | Mean change in systolic blood pressure at 12 weeks | 2024-07 | NCT05920005 | |
| NA | 4 | telmisartan (Micardis)/Amlodipine/Chlorthalidone 40/5/12.5 mg | telmisartan (Micardis) (Micardis)/Amlodipine/Hydrochlorothiazide 40/5/25 mg | Change from baseline in nighttime mean systolic blood pressure after 8 weeks | 2025-06 | NCT06041529 | |
| QUARTET USA | 2 | LDQT (candesartan 2mg, amlodipine 1.25mg, indapamide 0.625mg, bisoprolol 2.5mg) | Candesartan 8mg | Mean change in systolic blood pressure at 12 weeks | 2024-07 | NCT03640312 | |
| Novel medications | ||||||
| Lorundrostat | NA | 2 | DRUG: Placebo|DRUG: lorundrostat Dose 1|DRUG: lorundrostat Dose 2 | Change in 24-hour average ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) systolic blood pressure (SBP) | 2024-10 | NCT05769608 |
| NA | 2 | DRUG: Part A – Lorundrostat QD + Dapaglifozin QD|DRUG: Part A – Lorundrostat QD|DRUG: Part B – Lorundrostat QD Open Label | Change from baseline in automated office blood pressure (AOBP) SBP at Week 8 Incidence and severity of AEs | 2025-01 | NCT06150924 | |
| NA | 2 | 3 | DRUG: lorundrostat|DRUG: lorundrostat|DRUG: Placebo | Change in automated office blood pressure (AOBP) systolic blood pressure (SBP) | 2025-12 | NCT05968430 | |
| NA | 3 | DRUG: Placebo|DRUG: lorundrostat Dose 1|DRUG: lorundrostat Dose 2 | Change from baseline in SBP at Week 12 in subjects randomized to lorundrostat Change from baseline in SBP at Week 12 in subjects randomized to lorundrostat Dose 1 with escalation to lorundrostat Dose 2 | 2025-07 | NCT06153693 | |
| Baxdrostat | NA | 2 | DRUG: CIN-107 2 mg dosing|DRUG: CIN-107 4 mg dosing|DRUG: CIN-107 8 mg dosing | Safety and tolerability of CIN-107 Change in mean seated systolic blood pressure (SBP) after 12 weeks of treatment | 2024-10 | NCT04605549 |
| NA | 2 | DRUG: CIN-107|DRUG: Placebo | Change from baseline in mean seated systolic blood pressure | 2024-05 | NCT05432167 | |
| BaxHTN | 3 | Baxdrostat | Placebo | Change from baseline in seated systolic blood pressure at 12 weeks | 2025-10 | NCT06034743 | |
| Bax24 | 3 | Baxdrostat | Placebo | Change from baseline in ambulatory 24-hour average SBP at 12 weeks | 2025-04 | NCT06168409 | |
| JX09 | NA | 1 | DRUG: JX09 or placebo SAD|DRUG: JX09 or placebo MAD|DRUG: JX09 | The incidence of adverse events and serious adverse events in health subjects. Clinically significant change from baseline in physical examinations/vital signs/electrocardiograms/lab tests in health subjects | 2024-12 | NCT06183671 |
| Cicletanine | CHAMP | 1 | 2 | Cicletanine + magnesium | Cicletanine | Time to potassium rescue | 2024-09 | NCT02709031 |
| Spermidine | SMARTEST | 3 | Placebo | Spermidine | Systolic blood pressure | 2024-11 | NCT04405388 |
| Songling Xuemaikang Capsules | ESCIHP | 4 | Songling Xuemaikang Capsules | Lifestyle intervention | Placebo | Change from Baseline in the Mean 24h Systolic Blood Pressure at 4,12 weeks | 2027-12 | NCT06093932 |
| XXB750 | NA | 2 | Experimental drug | Placebo | Change from baseline in mean 24hr SBP at Week 12 | 2024-09 | NCT05562934 |
| SPH3127 | NA | 3 | SPH3127 tablet | SPH3127 tablet | SPH3127 tablet | Valsartan | SPH3127 tablet | Valsartan | Change from baseline in mean sitting diastolic blood pressure (msDBP) at week 12 | 2024-04 | NCT05359068 |
| LY3971297 | NA | 1 | LY3971297 | Placebo | Number of Participants with One or More Treatment Emergent Adverse Events and Serious Adverse Events | 2024-10 | NCT06148272 |
| Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) | NA | 1 | 2 | TUDCA|Placebo | Systolic and diastolic blood pressure within 1-2 weeks before and after intervention or placebo | 2028-12 | NCT06025630 |
| Zilebesiran | KARDIA-1 | 2 | Placebo|ALN-AGT01 | Change from Baseline at Month 3 in 24-hour Mean Systolic Blood Pressure | 2024-12 | NCT04936035 |
| KARDIA-2 | 2 | DRUG: Olmesartan|DRUG: Amlodipine|DRUG: Indapamide|DRUG: Placebo|DRUG: Zilebesiran | Change from Baseline at Month 3 in 24-Hour Mean Systolic Blood Pressure | 2025-12 | NCT05103332 | |
| ADX-850 | NA | 1 | DRUG: ADX-850|DRUG: Placebo|DRUG: Angiotensin Receptor Blockers | Safety in Patients with Hypertension | 2026-06 | NCT06205628 |
| HGP2102 | NA | 3 | HGP2102-1 | HGP2102-2 | RLD2209-1 | RLD2209-2 | Change from baseline in systolic blood pressure at 10 weeks | 2026-12 | NCT06174766 |
| HCP2102 | NA | 3 | HCP2102-1 | HPP2104-1 | HCP2102-2 | HPP2104-2 | RLD2106-1 | HPP2103-1 | RLD2106-2 | HPP2103-2 | Change from baseline in mean sitting systolic blood pressure | 2023-10 | NCT05450601 |
| VB0004 | NA | 1 | VB0004 | Matching Placebo for VB0004 | Adverse events observed | 2024-01 | NCT04925050 |
| AD-223 | NA | 3 | AD-223A | AD-223B | AD-223C | AD-223A Placebo | AD-223B Placebo | AD-223C Placebo | Change from baseline in mean sitting systolic blood pressure | 2025-02 | NCT06052748 |
| AD-209 | NA | 2 | AD-209 | AD-209-1A | AD-209-1B | AD-209-1C | AD-209 placebo | AD-209-1 placebo | Change from baseline in mean sitting systolic blood pressure | 2024-03 | NCT05631990 |
| AGSAVI | NA | 3 | AGSAVI | AGLS | Change of MSSBP(Mean Sitting Systolic Blood Pressure) From Baseline to Visit 5(For 10 weeks) | 2024-07 | NCT05503953 |
| DWC202206 + DWC202207 | NA | 3 | DRUG: (D) DWC202206 | DRUG: (D) DWC202207 | DRUG: (P) DWC202206 | DRUG: (P) DWC202207 | The change of mean sitting systolic blood pressure The change of LDL-C | 2024-03 | NCT05643508 |
| D064 and D702 | NA | 3 | DRUG: D064 and D702, QD | DRUG: D064 and Placebo of D702, QD | DRUG: Placebo of D064 and D702, QD | Change from baseline in mean sitting SBP | 2024-09 | NCT06121518 |
| NA | 3 | DRUG: D064, D702, placebo of D660 | DRUG: D660, placebo of D064, placebo of D702 | Change from baseline in mean sitting SBP | 2023-08 | NCT05931224 | |
| NA | 3 | DRUG: D064, D701, placebo of D012|DRUG: D012, placebo of D064, placebo of D701 | Change from baseline in mean sitting SBP | 2023-10 | NCT05526703 | |
| BR1018B and BR1018C | NA | 3 | DRUG: BR1018A|DRUG: BR1018A-1|DRUG: BR1018B|DRUG: BR1018B-1|DRUG: BR1018C|DRUG: BR1018C-1 | Mean sitting systolic blood pressure LDL-C | 2025-04 | NCT06165250 |
| BR1019A and BR1019B | NA | 3 | DRUG: BR1019A|DRUG: BR1019B|DRUG: BR1019C|DRUG: BR1019A-1|DRUG: BR1019B-1|DRUG: BR1019C-1 | The change of mean sitting systolic blood pressure in 12 weeks The change of HbA1c in 12 weeks | 2025-04 | NCT06220773 |
| Approved medications for other uses | ||||||
| Colchicine | COHERENT | 2 | Colchicine | Placebo | Between-group difference in change in carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity at 6 months | 2024-12 | NCT04916522 |
| Minocycline | NA | 4 | Minocycline dose escalation | Reduction in anti-hypertensive medications | 2024-01 | NCT02133872 |
| NA | 4 | Minocycline Hydrochloride | Placebo | Change in mean 24-hour ambulatory systolic blood pressure | 2028-07 | NCT06246396 | |
| Nesiritide | TENSE1 | 1 | 2 | Nesiritide | Placebo | Changes in blood pressure over 48 hours | 2030-12 | NCT02608996 |
| Allopurinol | RESIST | 2 | DRUG: Allopurinol | Normalized peak early diastolic filling rate (E) Six minute walk test Self Reported health survey for Heart Failure Self reported Health Survey Left ventricular end-diastolic volume index LV end-diastolic mass index LV end-diastolic fractional shortening LV end-diastolic mid-wall radius to wall thickness ratio Normalized peak late diastolic filling rate (A), EDV/s | 2025-05 | NCT05888233 |
| methotrexate (Methotrexate) | NA | 4 | DRUG: methotrexate (Methotrexate)|DRUG: sulfasalazine (Azulfidine)|DRUG: Other DMARDs | Change in peripheral systolic blood pressure | 2024-12 | NCT03254589 |
| Vogelxo | NA | 4 | DRUG: Vogelxo | Change from baseline in the 24-hour ABPM average SBP | 2024-06 | NCT04558567 |
| Clonidine | ECLIPSE | 4 | DRUG: Clonidine controlled-release patch|DRUG: Amlodipine | Change in clinic sitting systolic BP from baseline at 8-week | 2026-12 | NCT05416840 |
| Melatonin | MIPAE | 2 | Melatonin | Blood pressure | 2024-08 | NCT05257291 |
| LivaloVA | NA | 3 | LivaloVA | LivaloV | C2101 (VA) | Change in mean sitting systolic blood pressure and LDL-C level | 2023-01 | NCT05331014 |
| NA | 1 | Mixture of Sodium Nitrite and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) crytals. | Systemic systolic and diastolic blood pressure at 11 months Measurement of plasma nitrite, nitrate and S-nitrosothiols at 18 months | 2025-12 | NCT05798481 | |
| Medication timing | NA | NA | Time of ordinary antihypertensive medication intake | 24 hours blood pressure changes between 8 and 16 weeks Change of dipping of blood pressure between 8 and 16 weeks | 2023-12 | NCT05322967 |
| Dietary supplements | ||||||
| Magnesium | NA | NA | magnesium glycinate supplement | placebo | Change in seated systolic and diastolic blood pressures from baseline to 12 weeks | 2025-01 | NCT05690464 |
| Magnesium | NA | NA | magnesium glycinate supplement | placebo | Change in seated blood pressure from baseline to 12 weeks Change in 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure from baseline to 12 weeks | 2024-03 | NCT03688503 |
| L-Citrulline | NA | NA | L-Citrulline | Placebo | Measures of vascular function at 2 weeks | 2024-07 | NCT06025383 |
| Watermelon juice | NA | NA | Watermelon Juice| Water | Change in blood pressure at 15 minute intervals till 2 hours | 2022-12 | NCT04328311 |
| Potassium | PITCH | NA | Potassium Chloride | Placebo | Change in 24-hour systolic blood pressure (BP) from baseline to 12 weeks | 2025-05 | NCT05758142 |
| Potassium | NA | 2 | Potassium Magnesium Citrate | Placebo | Change in 24-hour systolic blood pressure at 4 weeks | 2030-03 | NCT05145309 |
| Potassium | NA | NA | High potassium water | Control low potassium water | Seated home measured systolic blood pressure mm/Hg at 4 weeks | 2023-5 | NCT05412654 |
| Sodium | SPLID | NA | Dietary sodium | Change in systolic and diastolic blood pressure | 2023-12 | NCT05041829 |
| Sodium HMB | NA | NA | DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT: Sodium|DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT: HMB|OTHER: Placebo | Changes in blood levels of Leucine/α-KIC/HMB Changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressures Changes in composition of gut microbiome | 2024-09 | NCT05515900 |
| Sodium and fructose | NA | NA | DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT: Recommended sodium and low fructose diet|DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT: High sodium and low fructose diet|DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT: High sodium and high fructose diet | Systolic blood pressure over 24 hours (mmHg) Inflammatory cytokines | 2024-05 | NCT04994418 |
| Nicotinamide riboside | NA | 2 | Nicotinamide riboside | Placebo | Change in systolic blood pressure over 3 months | 2023-12 | NCT03821623 |
| Nicotinamide riboside | NA | 2 | Nicotinamide riboside | Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity | 2024-09 | NCT04040959 |
| Vitamin K2 | NA | 4 | Placebo | Vitamin K 2 | Change in blood pressure over 6 months | 2025-07 | NCT05942053 |
| Atherolive | Atherolive | 2 | 3 | Atherolive | Rate of blood pressure reduction | 2024-12 | NCT05636826 |
| Olive leaf extracts | Atherolive | 2|3 | atherolive | Rate of blood pressure reduction Rate of fasting glycemia level reduction | 2023-12 | NCT05297110 |
| Beetroot juice | NA | NA | Beetroot juice rich in nitrate | Placebo | Systolic and diastolic blood pressure | 2024-07 | NCT05384340 |
| Riboflavin | InteRVENE | NA | Placebo | Riboflavin 1.6mg/d | Riboflavin 5mg/d | Riboflavin 20mg/d | Systolic and diastolic blood pressure over 16 weeks | 2023-06 | NCT05488106 |
| Curcumin | NA | 2 | Puritans Pride Turmeric curcumin® 500 mg | 10 year ASCVD risk Blood Glucose Level Lipid Profile Blood Pressure Heart Rate | 2024-05 | NCT05753436 |
| Black chokeberry juice | AROBLENDO | NA | DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT: Black chokeberry juice | Normalization of blood pressure levels over 3 months | 2023-09 | NCT05912322 |
| Peppermint oil | NA | NA | DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT: Peppermint oil|OTHER: Placebo | Systolic blood pressure at baseline and 20 days | 2025-09 | NCT05561543 |
| TOTUM-854 | INSIGHT-2 | NA | DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT: Totum-854|DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT: Placebo | Systolic blood pressure at 12 weeks | 2024-04 | NCT05370625 |
| TOTUM-854 | INSIGHT | NA | DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT: TOTUM-854|DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT: Placebo | Systolic blood pressure at 12 weeks | 2024-04 | NCT05469503 |
| NW Roselle | NA | 3 | DRUG: NW Roselle|DRUG: Captopril 25Mg Tab | The mean systolic/diastolic blood pressure | 2025-04 | NCT06141200 |
| Co-Enzyme Q10 | 4 | DRUG: Placebo|DRUG: Co-Enzyme Q10 | The change in kidney function test measured by creatinine clearance (eGFR) The change in proteinuria level The change in blood pressure The change in Blood urea nitrogen The change in serum potassium The change in serum creatinine The change in serum urea | 2024-07 | NCT05942027 | |
| NA | NA | DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT: Optimized oil group|DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT: Functional oil group|DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT: Control group | Changes of systolic blood pressure Change from Baseline Diastolic Blood Pressure at 6 months | 2023-12 | NCT05460221 | |
| HYPRO | NA | Vivomixx® | Placebo | Nocturnal systolic blood pressure after 8 weeks | 2025-09 | NCT03906578 | |
| NA | 1 | Beetroot extract | Placebo | Systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures after 90 days | 2025-06 | NCT06169241 | |
| NA | NA | Highland barley β-glucan dietary supplement | Placebo controls | Changes of systolic/diastolic blood pressure Changes in gut microbiota | 2030-12 | NCT05364736 | |
| Tensiofytol | NA | 4 | Tensiofytol® | Placebo | Change from baseline Blood Pressure, Systolic at 8 weeks | 2024-12 | NCT04874961 |
| Vitamin D | VITAL | NA | Vitamin D-3 (cholecalciferol), 2000 IU | Omega-3 fatty acids (fish oil) | Vitamin D placebo | Fish oil placebo | Change in 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure measurements over 2 years | 2024-02 | NCT01653678 |
| L-methylfolate and Methylcobalamine | NA | 4 | DRUG: L-Methyl Folate and methylcobalamine | Average pre-dialysis blood pressure target of ≤ 140/90 mm Hg or an average post-dialysis blood pressure target of ≤ 130/80 mm Hg | 2024-05 | NCT05807711 |
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