Tables of units, calculations, and conversions






Fig. D.1


Computed tomography of chest demonstrating position of heart chambers. LA, Left atrium; LV, left ventricle; RA, right atrium; RV, right ventricle.

(From Brown LK, Kahl FR, Link KM, et al. Anatomic landmarks for use when measuring intracardiac pressure with fluid-filled catheters. Am J Cardiol. 2000;86:121.)




Table D.1

Guidelines for Location of Catheter Tip for Zero Leveling.
























Fraction of Anteroposterior Distance (From Back to Front) Catheter Tip Location Within the Chest
0.75 Right ventricle and apex of the left ventricle
0.70 Anterior wall of the left ventricle
0.65 Middle of the left ventricle and right atrium
0.60 Posterior wall of the left ventricle
0.55 Mitral valve, superior vena cava, pulmonary trunk
0.50 Left atrium


Table D.2

Normal Left Ventriculogram Ejection Phase Indices.

From Pujadas G. Coronary Angiography in the Medical and Surgical Treatment of Ischemic Heart Disease. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1980.






























































Average Standard Error Range
Sinus Beat
Ejection fraction a 0.71 0.01 0.64–.77
Ejection fraction b 67.3 1.0 62–72
Ejection vector a 1.19 0.03 1.28–1.07
End-diastolic volume (mL/m 2 ) 70.4 3.9 54–89
End-systolic volume (mL/m 2 ) 20.3 0.7 17–24
Postextrasystolic Potentiation Beat
Ejection fraction a 0.82 0.01 0.76–0.85
Ejection fraction b 69.9 1.9 64–79
Ejection vector a 1.39 0.03 1.26–1.50
End-diastolic volume (mL/m 2 ) 78.5 3.2 68–90
End-systolic volume (mL/m 2 ) 14.2 0.7 11–17

a As fraction of end-diastolic volume.


b Percentage of total stroke output is 50.



Table D.3

Oxygen Consumption per Body Surface Area in (mL/min)m 2 by Sex, Age, and Heart Rate.

From LaFarge CG, Meittinen OS. The estimation of oxygen consumption. Cardiovasc Res. 1970;4:23-30.






























































































































































































































































































































































































































































Heart Rate (bpm)
Age (years) 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170
Male Patients
3 155 159 163 167 171 175 178 182 186 190
4 149 152 156 160 163 168 171 175 179 182 186
6 141 144 148 151 155 159 162 167 171 174 178 181
8 136 141 145 148 152 156 159 163 167 171 175 178
10 130 134 139 142 146 149 153 157 160 165 169 172 176
12 128 132 136 140 144 147 151 155 158 162 167 170 174
14 127 130 134 137 142 146 149 153 157 160 165 169 172
16 125 129 132 136 141 144 148 152 155 159 162 167
18 124 127 131 135 139 143 147 150 154 157 161 166
20 123 126 130 134 137 142 145 149 153 156 160 165
25 120 124 127 131 135 139 143 147 150 154 157
30 118 122 125 129 133 136 141 145 148 152 155
35 116 120 124 127 131 135 139 143 147 150
40 115 119 122 126 130 133 137 141 145 149
Female Patients
3 150 153 157 161 165 169 172 176 180 183
4 141 145 149 152 156 159 163 168 171 175 179
6 130 134 137 142 146 149 153 156 160 165 168 172
8 125 129 133 136 141 144 148 152 155 159 163 167
10 118 122 125 129 133 136 141 144 148 152 155 159 163
12 115 119 122 126 130 133 137 141 145 149 152 156 160
14 112 116 120 123 127 131 134 133 143 146 150 153 157
16 109 114 118 121 125 128 132 136 140 144 148 151
18 107 111 116 119 123 127 130 134 137 142 146 149
20 106 109 114 118 121 125 128 132 136 140 144 148
25 102 106 109 114 118 121 125 128 132 136 140
30 99 103 106 110 115 118 122 125 129 133 136
35 97 100 104 107 111 116 119 123 127 130
40 94 98 102 105 109 112 117 121 124 128

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Feb 21, 2020 | Posted by in CARDIOLOGY | Comments Off on Tables of units, calculations, and conversions

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