Chapter 22 Sonographic Formulas John C. Sciarra Ok, there is really no other way to put it. Memorize these!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Some you probably already know, others are Greek. So just write them out over and over until you have them memorized. Gradient = 4 × Velocity squared Area of a cylinder thing = 0.785 × D squared Area of a triangle = 0.433 × Side squared