Service Provision
In addition to the technicalities of performing and reporting an echo study, there are wider issues to consider in relation to providing an echo service. This chapter looks at service provision in terms of the departmental and staffing issues involved, and also examines the question of quality control.
DEPARTMENTAL ISSUES
The British Society of Echocardiography (BSE) sets out standards for departmental accreditation in the UK, which include (but are not limited to) the following:
An echo department should have both a technical head and a clinical head.
The department should have agreed indications and minimum standards for echo studies and a system for the review of uncertain studies.
Studies should be triaged according to urgency and systems should be in place to alert clinicians to important abnormalities.
Studies should be reported on the day they are performed and should be archived for future reference.
A database of echo reports should be maintained.
Echo rooms should be of adequate size (at least 20 m2 if used for inpatient studies).
Equipment maintenance must be carried out regularly, with echo machines being replaced (or having a major upgrade) at least every 5 years.
A period of 30-45 min should be allowed for routine studies and up to 1 h for complex studies.
A patient information leaflet should be available.
Chaperones should be available.
STAFFING ISSUES
Training and accreditation
Echo trainees should have at least one (and ideally two) protected half-day tutorial sessions each week and have access to appropriate training materials (books, CD-ROMs, internet access) and echo meetings. Sonographers who undertake and report echo studies unsupervised should have appropriate seniority and accreditation.
Undertaking a recognised accreditation programme provides the sonographer with a structured means of attaining a minimum standard in echo. Although gaining accreditation does not in itself guarantee competence, it nonetheless provides a foundation on which to build one’s knowledge and skills. The process of learning about echo does not end with accreditation, but must continue to develop with continuing professional education and ongoing experience in performing echo studies, and by seeking reaccreditation at regular intervals.
Several national societies provide accreditation programmes. The BSE offers accreditation in: