(1)
IMM, Curie-Montsouris Thorax Institute, Paris, France
Electronic Supplementary Material
The online version of this chapter (doi:10.1007/978-3-319-55901-8_10) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
10.1 Anatomical Landmarks (◘ Fig. 10.1)
Fig. 10.1
a B3 bronchus with a single A3 arising from the mediastinum. b B3 bronchus with A3 arising from the mediastinum and a small ascending A3. c Venous pattern. In this case: V3 and Asc.V3. d Venous and bronchial pattern
Bronchus
B3 is the anterior branch of the upper bronchus. It is independent from the apicoposterior truncus (B1+2) or from B1 and B2 and is usually easily recognized by its anterior direction, while B1 and B2 have a cephalad direction (◘ Fig. 10.1a).
Arteries
Vein
There are two types of veins: (1) a large V3 that is the lowermost branch of the central vein and (2) one or two small ascending veins branching from the central vein that are easily recognized as they come directly from the anterior segment (◘ Fig. 10.1c and d)
10.2 Anatomical Variations and Pitfalls
In some cases, there are two ascending arteries in the fissure. The posterior one (Asc.A2) for segment 2 and the anterior one (Asc.A3) for segment 3 (◘ Fig. 10.1b).
Lymph nodes are frequently found at the origin of B3. Even for benign conditions, removal of these nodes is required for an optimal disclosure of B3 root.
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