Restarting Anticoagulation and Outcomes After Major Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Atrial Fibrillation: Author Reply




We thank Drs. Tardy and Chalayer for their interest in our article. We agree that Rockall score is important to assess risk of re-bleeding and mortality in upper gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB). However, validity of Rockall score in the context of early warfarin resumption after an episode of GIB is not well known, and the measure is not without caveats. Nevertheless, the endoscopic findings are available to us, and we anticipate reporting these findings in future. Of course even before endoscopic intervention, one would like to achieve “coagulation normalization” if such a state were attainable. Although the thought of warfarin reversal after an initial GIB is an alluring one, individual practices differ, and there exists a knowledge gap regarding reversal in patients with relatively lower INR values. Some literature suggests increased thromboembolic events with reversal of anticoagulation. Although the present thought appears to encourage reversal of all bleeding anticoagulated patients, we must acknowledge that we are rendered to a true state of equipoise; that we simply do not know whether 1 choice is “better” than the other in patients with INR of 2 to 3, which constituted majority of our study sample. No doubt, more studies are required in this area. It is also worth mentioning that all recurrent GIB events within 3 days of the index GIB were excluded to diminish survival bias. Although anticoagulation reversal was not universally attempted, warfarin was discontinued in all patients, all of whom achieved INR values <1.5 within 3 days of the index GIB. Resolution of the initial GIB, however, leaves the clinician to the unenviable task of selecting patients likely to benefit from early warfarin resumption. We agree with the notion that earlier resumption of warfarin in patients with higher CHADS 2 scores (and vice versa) seems to portend greater intuitive benefit. Although still unpublished, our work indicates that an approach incorporating the HASBLED score can help guide these difficult decisions. As a general rule, we have found that when the HASBLED score <CHADS 2 score, one should consider reinstituting warfarin early. This relation, and its implied recommendation for early resumption of warfarin, seems to hold the most benefit for patients with HASBLED of ≤3 and CHADS 2 of ≥3.

Only gold members can continue reading. Log In or Register to continue

Stay updated, free articles. Join our Telegram channel

Dec 1, 2016 | Posted by in CARDIOLOGY | Comments Off on Restarting Anticoagulation and Outcomes After Major Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Atrial Fibrillation: Author Reply

Full access? Get Clinical Tree

Get Clinical Tree app for offline access