• Determine the smallest orifice by scanning from apex to base • Include commissures when opened • Positioning of measurement plan can be oriented by 3D echo • In mid-diastole (use cine-loop) • Lowest gain setting to visualize the whole mitral orifice • Average measurements if atrial fibrillation Mitral flow • Continuous-wave Doppler • Mean gradient from the traced contour of the diastolic mitral flow • Apical windows often suitable (optimize intercept angle) • Pressure half-time from the descending slope of the E-wave (mid-diastole slope if not linear)

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