Background
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is defined as the inability to achieve and maintain an erection for satisfactory sexual performance. The autonomic dysfunction is one of the well-known etiologic factors of ED. Heart rate recovery after exercise is a function of vagal reactivation, and its impairment is an independent prognostic indicator for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. The aim of our study was to evaluate the heart rate recovery index in patients with ED.
Methods
The study population included 90 patients with ED (mean age = 56.1±8.3years) and 50 healthy subjects as controls (mean age = 53.1±10.4 years). Basal electrocardiography, echocardiography, and treadmill exercise testing were performed on all patients and controls. The heart rate recovery index was defined as the reduction in the heart rate from the rate at peak exercise to the rate at the first minute (HRR1), second minute (HRR2), third minute (HRR3), and fifth minute (HRR5) after stopping exercise stress testing.
Methods
The study population included 90 patients with ED (mean age = 56.1±8.3years) and 50 healthy subjects as controls (mean age = 53.1±10.4 years). Basal electrocardiography, echocardiography, and treadmill exercise testing were performed on all patients and controls. The heart rate recovery index was defined as the reduction in the heart rate from the rate at peak exercise to the rate at the first minute (HRR1), second minute (HRR2), third minute (HRR3), and fifth minute (HRR5) after stopping exercise stress testing.
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