Fig. 20.1
Right venous femoral access, ilio-caval catheterization followed by left renal vein catheterization: venous drainage of a large left gonadal vein (a), in a context of chronic pelvic venous congestion, documented in this 48 y. o. W by noninvasive imaging (CT + Doppler) and confirmed by these selective catheterizations and injection in the lower left ovarian vein (b)
Fig. 20.2
A 45 y. o. W, clinical + radiological suspicion of chronic pelvic venous congestion syndrome. (a, b) Selective injection after catheterization of the left gonadal vein: pelvic venous congestion, opacification of the right gonadal vein (b) via the pelvic anastomosis. (c) Control after left ovarian vein embolization with tetradecyl sulfate + coils. (d) Right gonadal vein catheterization: coils + sclerosing agent embolization. (e, f) Additional pelvic embolization 4 weeks later: left hypogastric vein catheterization from a right venous femoral access (crossover) (e), followed by embolization beyond an occlusion balloon (f)
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