We compared treatment of the laboratory confirmed influenza in children aged 0–60 months. The children were hospitalized due to the presence of influenza-like illness according to the CDC criteria, such as fever > 37.8 °C, cough, or sore throat, during the two consecutive years of 2015 and 2016, from January 1 to March 31 each. In the first year, when RIDT was unavailable, 52 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and the retrospective diagnosis of influenza was based on the result of the real time qRT-PCR. In the second year, 63 patients were enrolled into study and all of them were tested with both real time qRT-PCR and RIDT (bioNexia Influenza A+B, bioMerieux; Marcy-l’Étoile, France) according to manufacturer’s recommendations. Each year, nasopharyngeal swabs were taken from children by a trained nurse, transported to the laboratory at the National Influenza Center in Warsaw, Poland, collected and tested. The results were obtained in a retrospective manner, after the patient had been discharged from the hospital. The detailed methodology of the real time qRT-PCR was described previously (Nitsch-Osuch et al. 2013b). The demographic characteristics of children included into the study are shown in the Table 2. There were no significant differences between the patients of the two years. We compared the proportion of patients who received a causative treatment of influenza with oseltamivir and/or antibiotic treatment in the second year when RIDT was available with the antibiotic treatment in the first year under consideration when RIDT was not yet available. The statistical analysis for nominal variables was performed with the chi-squared test; when a sample of patients was too small, Fisher’s exact test was used. The level of significance was defined as α = 0.05. The calculations were conducted with a medical statistical calculator available at the website www.​medcal3000.​com.