Study
Design
Patient group
Primary outcomes
Secondary outcomes
Level of evidence
Ludwig et al. [11]
Prospective
48 patients
No DGE
38 % anastomotic stricture
Moderate
No pyloric drainage
25 % reflux
8.3 % dumping
Maier et al. [12]
Prospective
18 patients
12 reflux
12 esophagitis
Low
No pyloric drainage
Lee et al. [19]
Retrospective
50 patients
37.5 % DGE
Moderate
46 finger disruption
4 pyloroplasty
Kent et al. [15]
Retrospective
12 patients
No DGE
No aspiration pneumonia
Low
All botox injections
Lanuti et al. [8]
Retrospective
242 patients
DGE/GOO
Anastomotic leak
Moderate
83 no drainage
9.6 % vs. 18.2 %
No difference
159 pyloromyotomy
P: 0.078
Pulmonary complications
27.7 % vs. 19.5 %
P: 0.15
Respiratory failure
8.4 % vs. 4.4 %
P: 0.20
Length of stay
10 vs. 11 days
P: 0.18
Perioperative mortality
2.4 % vs. 2.5 %
P: 0.96
Maffetone et al. [17]
Retrospective
35 patients
No DGE
Low
Whole stomach and no pyloric drainage
Palmes et al. [7]
Retrospective
198 patients
Reflux
Esophagitis
Moderate
46 no drainage
0 % vs. 14.9 %
10.3 vs. 34.5 %
152 pyloromyotomy or pyloroplasty
P: 0.069
P < 0.05
Anastomotic leak
17.4 % vs. 14.5 %
P > 0.05
Aspiration
13 % vs. 15.8 %
P > 0.05
Length of stay
21.7 vs. 23.2, 16 days
P > 0.05
Perioperative mortality
2.2 % vs. 2.6 %
P > 0.05
Kim et al. [16]
Retrospective
257 patients
8 % GOO
21 % anastomotic stricture
Moderate
All finger fracture
Cerfolio et al. [13]
Retrospective
221 patients
DGE on POD#4
Stricture-dilated
Moderate
54 no drainage
96 %
7.4 %
71 pyloromyotomy
93 %
8.4 %
28 pyloroplasty
96 %
14 %
68 botox
59 %
7.3 %
Bile reflux
Anastomotic leak
9 %
1
20 %
0
38 %
0
6 %
0
Aspiration/ pneumonia
22 %
14 %
32 %
13 %
Mortality
4 %
6 %
4 %
4.4 %
Length of stay
8.2 days
9.5 days
8.7 days
7.3 days
Martin et al. [18]
Prospective
45 patients
4.4 % early DGE
Moderate
All botox injections
6.7 % late DGE
Deng et al. [14]
Prospective
78 patients
Early DGE
Anastomotic leaks
Moderate
30 no drainage
13.3 % vs. 0 %
23.3 % vs. 16.7 %
48 digital fracture
Cardiopulmonary complication
10 % vs. 4.2 %
Nguyen et al. [6]
Retrospective
140 patients
DGE/GOO
Leak rate
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