Pathogen/material
Specimens collected from artificial airway
Bronchoalveolar lavage
Sputum
Pleural fluid
Total
n
%
n
%
n
%
n
%
n
%
A. baumannii
354
42.3
57
22.4
6
8.6
1
11.1
418
35.8
S. aureus MSSA
112
13.4
76
29.9
19
27.1
7
77.8
214
18.3
S. aureus MRSA
77
9.2
25
9.8
6
8.6
0
0.0
108
9.2
K. pneumoniae ESBL−
75
9.0
37
14.6
14
20.0
0
0.0
126
10.8
K. pneumoniae ESBL+
81
9.7
13
5.1
4
5.7
1
11.1
99
8.5
K. pneumoniae KPC
2
0.2
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
2
0.2
P. aeruginosa
129
15.4
40
15.8
20
28.6
0
0.0
189
16.2
S. pneumoniae
6
0.7
6
2.4
1
1.4
0
0.0
13
1.1
Total
838
100
254
100
70
100
9
100
1,171
100
In the airway samples, there were significantly more A. baumannii strains than S. aureus MSSA (p = 0.0001), S. aureus MRSA (p = 0.0013), K. pneumoniae ESBL− (p = 0.0001), P. aeruginosa (p = 0.0001), or S. pneumoniae (p = 0.0002). There were significantly more S. aureus MSSA strains than S. aureus MRSA (p = 0.0011) or K. pneumoniae ESBL+ (p = 0.0001), but significantly fewer than P. aeruginosa (p = 0.0011). There were significantly fewer K. pneumoniae ESBL- strains than K. pneumoniae ESBL+ (p = 0.0003) and significantly fewer K. pneumoniae ESBL+ strains than P. aeruginosa (p = 0.0139). Finally, there were significantly more K. pneumoniae ESBL+ strains than S. pneumoniae (p = 0.0037). Differences between other isolates obtained from the airways were insignificant.
In the samples obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage, there were significantly fewer A. baumannii strains than S. aureus MSSA (p = 0.0001) and significantly more A. baumannii strains than S. aureus MRSA (p = 0.0151), K. pneumoniae ESBL− (p = 0.0001), P. aeruginosa (p = 0.0191), or S. pneumoniae (p = 0.0011). There were significantly more S. aureus MSSA strains than S. aureus MRSA (p = 0.0240), K. pneumoniae ESBL + (p = 0.0001), or P. aeruginosa (p = 0.0015). Also, there were significantly more K. pneumoniae ESBL− strains than K. pneumoniae ESBL+ (p = 0.0036); significantly more K. pneumoniae ESBL+ strains than S. pneumoniae (p = 0.0029); and significantly more P. aeruginosa strains than S. pneumoniae (p = 0.0377). Differences between other isolates obtained from the bronchoalveolar lavage samples were insignificant.
In the sputum samples, there were significantly fewer A. baumannii strains than S. aureus MSSA (p = 0.0001), K. pneumoniae ESBL− (p = 0.0001), or P. aeruginosa (p = 0.0001). In the pleural fluid samples, there were significantly fewer A. baumannii strains than S. aureus MSSA (p = 0.0013) and significantly more S. aureus MSSA strains than K. pneumoniae ESBL− (p = 0.0402) or P. aeruginosa (p = 0.0121). Differences between other isolates were insignificant.
The susceptibility of pathogens to specific antibiotics is presented in Tables 2, 3, and 4. Among non-fermenting bacilli Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii exhibited the highest, 100 % susceptibility to colistin. Acinetobacter baumannii was highly susceptible to carbapenems and to sulbactam with ampicillin, whereas Pseudomonas aeruginosa demonstrated high susceptibility to ceftazidime (Table 2).
Table 2
Susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 189) and Acinetobacter baumannii (n = 418) to antibiotics
Antibiotic | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Acinetobacter baumannii | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Susceptibility | Resistance | Susceptibility | Resistance | |||||
n | % | n | % | n | % | n | % | |
Ciprofloxacin | 109 | 57.7 | 80 | 42.3 | 24 | 5.7 | 394 | 94.3 |
Imipenem | 107 | 56.6 | 82 | 43.4 | 332 | 79.4 | 86 | 20.6 |
Meropenem | 116 | 61.4 | 73 | 38.6 | 330 | 78.9 | 88 | 21.1 |
Ceftazidime | 143 | 75.7 | 46 | 24.3 | * | * | * | * |
Cefepime | 109 | 57.7 | 80 | 42.3 | * | * | * | * |
Piperacillin/tazobactam | 45 | 23.8 | 144 | 76.2 | * | * | * | * |
Colistin | 189 | 100.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 418 | 100.0 | 0 | 0.0 |
Ampicillin/sulbactam | * | * | * | * | 306 | 73.2 | 112 | 26.8 |
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole | 0 | 0.0 | 189 | 100.0 | 34 | 8.1 | 384 < div class='tao-gold-member'>
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