Antigen
Group
Current vaccination
GMT
Unvaccinated previously (A1, B1)
Vaccinated in previous seasons (A2, B2)
p
A/Brisbane/59/2007 (H1N1)
A
Before
1.3 A1
2.0 A2
0.27
After
19.1 A1
11.6 A2
0.25
B
Before
1.5
2.3
0.22
After
37.4
38.5
0.64
A vs. B
Before
p = 0.71
p = 0.59
A vs. B
After
p = 0.10
p < 0.001
A/Brisbane/10/2007 (H3N2)
A
Before
1.8
6.2
0.003
After
42.8
63.5
0.37
B
Before
3.2
6.3
0.15
After
55.4
67.3
0.71
A vs. B
Before
p = 0.16
p = 0.61
A vs. B
After
p = 0.60
p = 0.96
B/Brisbane/60/2008
A
Before
1.7
3.7
0.03
After
26.5
36.7
0.32
B
Before
3.5
2.5
0.33
After
37.0
25.7
0.09
A vs. B
Before
p = 0.04
p = 0.26
A vs. B
After
p = 0.99
p = 0.01
The MFI parameter indicates by how many times the antibody titer increases after vaccination. It is obvious that the increase in a person who has never been vaccinated before should be greater than in a person who has been vaccinated in previous season or has had contact with a given virus, which blunts the response (13). Hence, in our study, the patients from subgroups never vaccinated before (A1, B1) had a higher MFI for A/H1N1/ and A/H3N2/ than those vaccinated in previous seasons (A2, B2), but the difference reached statistical significance only in the subgroup of hemodialyzed patients (A1-MFI = 14.3 vs. A2-MFI = 5.8; p = 0.04). Simultaneously, a statistically higher MFI for A/H1N1/ was found in healthy patients vaccinated before (B2) as compared with the group of hemodialyzed patients vaccinated before (A2) – MFI 16.4 vs. 5.8 (p = 0.002) (Table 2).
Table 2
Immune response to influenza vaccination depending on vaccination in previous infection seasons – mean fold increase (MFI) of antihemagglutinin antibodies a month after vaccination
Antigen | Group | MFI | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Unvaccinated previously (A1, B1) | Vaccinated in previous seasons (A2, B2) | |||
A/Brisbane/59/2007 (H1N1) | A | 14.3 | 5.8 | p = 0.04 |
B | 24.4 | 16.4 | p = 0.18 | |
A vs. B | p = 0.26 | p = 0.002 | ||
A/Brisbane/10/2007 (H3N2) | A | 23.6 | 10.3 | p = 0.004 |
B | 17.1 | 10.7 | p = 0.13 | |
A vs. B | p = 0.37 | p = 0.71 | ||
B/Brisbane/60/2008 | A | 15.5 | 10.0 | p = 0.24 |
B | 10.7 | 10.3 | p = 0.98 | |
A vs. B | p = 0.42 | p = 0.49 | ||
The protection rate for A/H1N1/ was higher 1 month after the vaccination in the group of healthy persons, regardless of the earlier vaccination. Hemodialyzed patients vaccinated in previous seasons (A2) had a higher protection rate for A/H3N2/ before the vaccination than the healthy patients (B2) (Tables 3 and 4).
Table 3
Immune response to influenza vaccination depending on vaccination in previous infection seasons – protection rate before and a month after the current vaccination
Antigen | Group | Current vaccination | Protection rate (%) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unvaccinated previously (A1, B1) | Vaccinated in previous seasons (A2, B2) | ||||
A/Brisbane/59/2007 (H1N1) | A | Before | 0.0 | 4.3 | p = 0.79 |
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