Methods
Sixty-three consecutive patients who underwent PI were randomized using a 1:1 allocation to receive either a standard skin preparation and application of InteguSEAL [31 patients (49.2%), Group A] or standard skin preparation [32 patients (51.8%), Group B]. All patients underwent puncture site skin flora cultures: immediately before and after skin preparation, prior to intervention conclusion (acute skin contamination), and 24–48 h postprocedure [late skin contamination (LSC)]. Blood cultures were taken upon procedure conclusion and prior to sheath removal in order to identify rates of acute bacteremia (AB). In patients with sheath removal >6 h, postprocedure blood cultures were taken prior to late sheath removal [late bacteremia (LB)], while the tip of the sheath was sent for microbial culture in order to identify late sheath contamination (LShC). All patients were followed up for 48 h and at 30 days postprocedure for the occurrence of clinical and laboratory signs of local or systemic infections.