Fig. 20.1
Single frontal view of the chest showing a mass along the left heart border and marked irregularity along the left mediastinum in a teenage patient with a mediastinal teratoma
20.2.3 CT Findings
Heterogeneous cardiac tumor
May see pericardial effusion
Presence of fat or calcifications [1]
20.2.4 MRI Findings
20.2.6 Imaging Recommendations
Cardiac CT or MRI with contrast is recommended as the best imaging tool. Prenatal ultrasound is a good imaging tool and may show pericardial effusion.
20.3 Differential Diagnosis
Rhabdomyoma
Metastatic disease
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Myxoma
Fibroma
20.4 Pathology
20.4.1 Etiology
Teratomas contain all three germ cell layers (endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm), but their etiology is unknown.
20.4.2 Frequency
Teratomas are the second most common cardiac tumor in fetuses and neonates, in which they comprise 15–19 % of cardiac tumors [5]. They are rare outside the neonatal period. The male-to-female ratio is 2:1.
20.4.3 Gross Pathologic and Surgical Features
Macroscopic features include a cystic, lobular mass. The tumor is more often pericardial in location, not myocardial [6].
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