Which of the following scan modes is used for coronary calcium scanning?

1. Prospective gated noncontrast
   
2. Prospective gated contrast scan
   
3. Retrospective gated noncontrast
   
4. Retrospective gated contrast scan

What is the traditional slice thickness for coronary calcium screening?

1. 0.625 mm
   
2. 1 mm
   
3. 3 mm
   
4. 5 mm

Which scan mode is used for assessment of left ventricle function?

1. Prospective, gated with contrast
   
2. Retrospective, gated with contrast
   
3. Retrospective, gated without contrast
   
4. Prospective, gated without contrast

Which of the following imaging procedures is likely to be associated with lowest radiation exposure?

1. Prospectively gated, electrocardiogram (ECG)-triggered cardiac computed tomography angiography (CTA)
   
2. Retrospectively gated, cardiac CTA
   
3. Coronary angiography
   
4. Stress perfusion scan with sestamibi

Which of the following imaging procedures is likely to be associated with the highest radiation exposure?

1. Retrospectively gated, cardiac CTA with dose modulation
   
2. Retrospectively gated, cardiac CTA
   
3. Dual-isotope myocardial perfusion scan with thallium and sestamibi
   
4. Stress perfusion scan with sestamibi

Who are at the highest cancer risk with cardiac computed tomography (CT)?

1. Men
   
2. Women
   
3. Blacks
   
4. Caucasians

During cardiac CTA, which organ gets the highest radiation dose?

1. Heart
   
2. Lungs
   
3. Esophagus
   
4. Breast

Which of the following affects radiation dose?

1. Tube voltage
   
2. Tube current
   
3. Pitch
   
4. All of the above

Pitch is table movement divided by collimated beam width. At a pitch of 1, there is no overlap of data. At a pitch >1 there is a gap, and with a pitch <1 there is overlap. Which pitch is likely to be associated with least amount of radiation?

1. 0.4
   
2. 0.6
   
3. 1.0
   
4. 3.0

Which one has least amount of radiation?

1. Calcium score with electron-beam CT
   
2. Calcium score with X-ray CT
   
3. Chest X-ray
   
4. Cardiac MRI with gadolinium vasodilator stress

Which of the following 45-year-old patients presenting to the emergency room (ER) with atypical chest pain are appropriate candidates for coronary CTA?

1. Patient with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and prior left anterior descending (LAD) artery stent
   
2. Patient with hypertension, ECG shows nonspecific ST–T changes, negative cardiac enzymes
   
3. Patient with a prior myocardial infarction followed by coronary artery bypass grafting
   
4. All of the above

Which of the following agents are appropriate to slow the heart rate for coronary CTA?

1. Beta blockers
   
2. Nondihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (e.g., diltiazem)
   
3. Ivabradine
   
4. All of the above

Which of the following is likely to reduce radiation dose the most?

1. Increasing pitch by 25%
   
2. Decreasing tube current by 25%
   
3. Decreasing tube current by 25%
   
4. They are all similar

Which of the following is the best measure of radiation dose to the patient?

1. CT dose index (CTDI)
   
2. Dose–length product (DLP)
   
3. Effective radiation dose (ERD)
   
4. All of the above

What is the US legal limit for radiation dose to a pregnant woman for the entire length of pregnancy?

1. 0.05 mSv
   
2. 0.5 mSv
   
3. 5 mSv
   
4. 50 mSv

During coronary CTA to the mother, how much radiation is the fetus likely to get?

1. 14 mSv
   
2. 1.4 mSv
   
3. 0.14 mSv
   
4. None with shielding

What is the typical HU value for fat?

1. −1000 HU
   
2. −50 HU
   
3. 0 HU
   
4. 1000 HU

What is the typical HU threshold for calcium for calcium score is?

1. 100
   
2. 130
   
3. 0
   
4. 400

Image noise can be reduced by which of the following?

1. Increasing tube voltage
   
2. Increasing tube current
   
3. Iterative reconstruction
   
4. All of the above

Which of the following statements is correct about iterative reconstruction?

1. It takes longer as it makes multiples passes through the data
   
2. It increases signal-to-noise ratio
   
3. It can be performed on any CT scanner
   
4. All of the above

What is the image pixel size of a CT image reconstruction with a field of view (FOV) of 256 mm and a 512 × 512 matrix?

1. 0.5 mm × 0.5 mm
   
2. 0.25 mm × 0.25 mm
   
3. 2 mm × 2 mm
   
4. None of the above

How can the image pixel size be increased during CT image reconstruction?

1. Decreasing FOV
   
2. Increasing matrix
   
3. Both
   
4. Neither

Spatial and temporal resolution are affected by all of the following except which?

1. Detector width
   
2. Rotation time
   
3. Dual-source technology
   
4. Number of detector rows

If a reconstructed image is noisy, how can this noise be reduced?

1. Increasing slice thickness
   
2. Reducing slice thickness
   
3. Changing window level
   
4. None of the above

Which of the following techniques may be helpful for better coronary visualization for those with calcification?

1. Dual-energy CT
   
2. Reconstruction with sharp filter
   
3. Both
   
4. Neither

How can visualization within a stent be facilitated?

1. Dual-energy CT
   
2. Reconstruction with sharp filter
   
3. Wide window
   
4. Thin slice
   
5. All of the above

In a person presenting to the ER with chest pain and suspicion of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), which of the following are appropriate indications for coronary CTA?

1. Normal ECG and biomarkers, low or intermediate probability of CAD
   
2. Nonspecific ECG changes and normal biomarkers, low or intermediate probability of CAD
   
3. Nondiagnostic ECG and biomarkers, low or intermediate probability of CAD
   
4. Normal ECG and biomarkers, low or intermediate probability of CAD, unable to exercise
   
5. All of the above

In a person presenting to the ER with chest pain, negative ECG and enzymes, and a history of prior coronary stent, which of the following are appropriate or possibly appropriate indications for coronary CTA?

1. Left main coronary artery drug-eluting stent, 4 mm, 1 year ago
   
2. LAD coronary artery stent 2 years ago 2.5 mm
   
3. Mid right coronary artery (RCA) stent, 3.5 mm a year ago
   
4. All of the above

It is appropriate to perform coronary CTA in which of the following asymptomatic patients?

1. Left main coronary artery stenting with stent size ≥3 mm
   
2. Left main coronary artery stenting with stent size <3 mm
   
3. LAD bifurcation stent 4 mm size
   
4. None of the above

Which of the following are reasonable indications for coronary CTA?

1. Patient with ejection fraction of 30%, low to intermediate risk for CAD, to rule out ischemic etiology
   
2. To rule out anomalous origin or coronary artery
   
3. To monitor for CAD post heart transplant
   
4. To check for graft patency in a patient with chest pain after prior coronary artery bypass grafting
   
5. All of the above