Chapter 7
Questions
- 121. Bicuspid aortic valve may be associated with:
- A. Coronary anomalies
- B. Coarctation of the aorta
- C. Atrial septal defect
- D. None of the above
- 122. A dilated coronary sinus could be seen in all of the following conditions except:
- A. Right atrial hypertension
- B. Persistent left superior vena cava
- C. Coronary A–V fistula
- D. Unroofed coronary sinus
- E. Azygos continuity of inferior vena cava
- 123. Atrial septal defect (ASD) of sinus venosus type is most commonly associated with:
- A. Anomalous drainage of right upper pulmonary vein into the right atrium
- B. Anomalous drainage of left upper pulmonary vein into the right atrium
- C. Persistent left upper superior vena cava
- D. Coronary artery anomalies
- 124. Ostium primum ASD is most commonly associated with:
- A. Cleft in anterior mitral leaflet
- B. Cleft in septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve
- C. Patent ductus arteriosus
- D. Aortic stenosis
- 125. Dilatation of the pulmonary artery is seen in all of the following conditions except:
- A. Atrial septal defect
- B. Valvular pulmonary stenosis
- C. Infundibular pulmonary stenosis
- D. Pulmonary hypertension
- 126. Risk of aortic dissection is increased in the following conditions except:
- A. Marfan’s syndrome
- B. Bicuspid aortic valve
- C. Pregnancy
- D. Mitral stenosis
- 127. A 52-year-old patient with a 31 mm St. Jude mitral valve has severe shortness of breath. Left ventricular function and aortic valve are normal. The disk motion of the prosthetic valve is normal. Analysis of transmitral flow with continuous wave Doppler revealed an E-wave velocity of 2.6 m/s, A-wave velocity of 0.6 m/s, E-wave pressure half-time of 40 ms, diastolic mean gradient of 6 mmHg at a heart rate of 60/min, and isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) of 30 ms. This patient is likely to have:
- A. Mitral regurgitation
- B. Pannus growth into the prosthetic valve
- C. Prosthetic valve thrombosis
- D. Normal prosthetic valve function
- 128. In a person with suspected paravalvular (mechanical) mitral regurgitation, the following transducer position has the best chance of revealing the mitral regurgitation jet:
- A. A.Parasternal long axis view
- B. Apical four-chamber
- C. Apical two-chamber
- D. Apical long axis
- 129. A patient with a bileaflet mechanical aortic valve has shortness of breath on exertion. An echocardiogram revealed normal left ventricular systolic function and mitral valve function. The left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) dimension was 2.2 cm, LVOT (V1) velocity was 1.5 m/s, and aortic transvalvular velocity (V2) was 4.5 m/s, with no aortic regurgitation. Measurements obtained 2 years earlier when the patient was asymptomatic were LVOT diameter 2.2 cm, V1 0.9 m/s, and V2 2.7 m/s. Likely cause of this patient’s shortness of breath is:
- A. Prosthetic valve stenosis
- B. Patient–prosthesis mismatch
- C. High cardiac output state, patient may be anemic
- D. None of the above
- 130. A patient with a mechanical prosthetic mitral valve has gastrointestinal bleeding and the following measurements were obtained: diastolic mean gradient 11 mmHg, peak gradient 16 mmHg, pressure half-time 65 ms, heart rate 114/min. This increased gradient is likely to be:
- A. Likely normal
- B. Likely abnormal
- C. Cannot comment
- 131. The following measurements were obtained in a patient with mitral regurgitation: proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA) radius 1 cm at a Nyquist limit of 50 cm/s, peak mitral regurgitation velocity 5 m/s, and mitral regurgitation signal time velocity integral 100 cm. The regurgitant volume is:
- A. 63 cc/beat
- B. 31 cc/beat
- C. 63 cc/s
- D. 63%
- 132. Distribution of leaflet thickening and calcification in rheumatic mitral stenosis is:
- A. More at the tip
- B. More at the base
- C. Uniform throughout the leaflets
Stay updated, free articles. Join our Telegram channel
- A. Coronary anomalies
Full access? Get Clinical Tree
