4: Portable Ventilators


Section 4: Portable Ventilators


Airon pNeuton


The pNeuton line of ventilators are small (less than 15 lb/6.8 kg), pneumatically controlled, and pneumatically powered (oxygen at 55 psi) ventilators capable of invasive ventilation of patients from neonatal to adult size (Figure 10-50). Table 10-41 shows the mode classifications for the pNeuton ventilators. A comparison of the different models is shown in Table 10-42.

Photos A to C show different models of pNeuton ventilators.

FIGURE 10-50 Airon pNeuton ventilators. A. Airon pNeuton S. B. Airon pNeuton mini. C. Airon pNeuton A.


Courtesy of Airon Corporation.

Description

TABLE 10-41 Classification of Modes for the Airon pNeuton Ventilators

A table describes the classification of modes for the Airon pNeuton ventilators.

Control variables: PC = pressure control, VC = volume control. Breath Sequences: CMV = continuous mandatory ventilation, CSV = continuous spontaneous ventilation, IMV(1) = intermittent mandatory ventilation type 1 where mandatory breaths are delivered at the set frequency, IMV(2) = intermittent mandatory ventilation type 2 where mandatory breaths may be suppressed by spontaneous breath frequency, IMV(3) = intermittent mandatory ventilation type 3 where mandatory breaths may be suppressed by spontaneous minute ventilation, IMV(4) = intermittent mandatory ventilation where mandatory breaths may be suppressed in dual targeting by switch volume cycling to flow cycling. Targeting scheme abbreviations: s = set point, d = dual, r = servo, b = biovariable, a = adaptive, o = optimal, i = intelligent. NA = not available.


Reproduced with permission from Mandu Press Ltd.

Description

TABLE 10-42 Different Models of pNeuton Ventilators

























Model

Recommended Environment

Patient Population

pNeuton mini

Hospital, EMS, MRI

0.4–25 kg


pNeuton A

Hospital, MRI

>23 kg


pNeuton S

Hospital, EMS, MRI

>23 kg


Description


Reproduced with permission from Mandu Press Ltd.


Operator Interface

The operator interface for all three models of the pNeuton ventilator is composed of control knobs, switches, buttons, and a single aneroid pressure gauge for airway pressure.


Modes

Modes are selected using a mechanical switch.


pNeuton mini (neonatal–pediatric)

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure



  • Mandatory breaths: Not allowed
  • Spontaneous breaths: Patient triggered and patient cycled (demand flow only, not pressure supported)

    • Within-breath settings:

      • Operator-set inspiratory CPAP

  • Between-breath targets: None

Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation + CPAP



  • Mandatory breaths: Machine triggered (set expiratory time) and machine cycled (set inspiratory time)

    • Within-breath settings:

      • Operator-set PEEP, inspiratory pressure, bias flow, inspiratory time, and expiratory time. Inspiration is delivered at the set inspiratory flow only until the inspiratory pressure target is reached. Flow decays exponentially after that.

  • Spontaneous breaths: Patient triggered and patient cycled (demand flow only, not pressure supported)

    • Within-breath settings:

      • None (PEEP same as mandatory breaths)

  • Between-breath targets: None

pNeuton A and B (pediatric–adult)

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure



  • Mandatory breaths: Not allowed
  • Spontaneous breaths: Patient triggered and patient cycled (demand flow only, not pressure supported)

    • Within-breath settings:

      • Operator-set inspiratory CPAP

  • Between-breath targets: None

Pressure Limited Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation + CPAP



  • Mandatory breaths: Machine triggered (set expiratory time) and machine cycled (inspiratory time, as determined by default flow setting and operator-set tidal volume)

    • Within-breath settings:

      • Operator-set PEEP, inspiratory pressure, tidal volume, and frequency. Breath becomes pressure controlled if airway pressure reaches set peak pressure before inspiration is cycled off.

  • Spontaneous breaths: Patient triggered and patient cycled (demand flow only, not pressure supported)
  • Within-breath settings: None (PEEP same as mandatory breaths)
  • Between-breath targets: None

Special Features

Oxygen: Fio2 is selectable at either 100% or 65%.


Backup ventilation: None


Gas volume compensation: None


Leak compensation: None


Nebulizer: The ventilator supplies blended gas to the nebulizer port for an in-line jet nebulizer. Delivery of the nebulized gas is synchronized with the inspiratory phase of a breath and lasts for 20 minutes.


Neonatal ventilation: None


Noninvasive ventilation: All three models of the pNeuton can be used for noninvasive ventilation.


Manufacturer’s Specifications

Table 10-43 lists specifications for pNeuton ventilators.


TABLE 10-43 Specifications for pNeuton Ventilators

A table describes the specifications for pNeuton ventilators.
Description

Bio-Med Devices Crossvent


The Bio-Med line of Crossvent ventilators are small (<10 lb/4.5 kg) microprocessor-controlled and pneumatically powered ventilators capable of invasive and noninvasive ventilation of patients from neonatal to adult size (Figure 10-51). A comparison of the different models is shown in Table 10-44. Table 10-45 shows the mode classifications for the Crossvent 4+ (neonatal–adult). These modes are described in the following section.

A photo shows a Bio-Med Crossvent 4+ ventilator which is a flat rectangular box with a handle on top. A display screen with measured values is seen on the front face of the device. Three blue-colored rotatable knobs are seen below the screen.

FIGURE 10-51 Crossvent 4+ ventilator.


Courtesy of Bio-Med Devices, Inc.


TABLE 10-44 Different Models of Crossvent Ventilators

A table describes models of Crossvent ventilators.

Courtesy of Bio-Med Devices, Inc.

Description

TABLE 10-45 Classification of Modes for the Crossvent 4+

A table describes classification of modes for the Crossvent 4+.

Control variables: PC = pressure control, VC = volume control. Breath Sequences: CMV = continuous mandatory ventilation, CSV = continuous spontaneous ventilation, IMV(1) = intermittent mandatory ventilation type 1 where mandatory breaths are delivered at the set frequency, IMV(2) = intermittent mandatory ventilation type 2 where mandatory breaths may be suppressed by spontaneous breath frequency, IMV(3) = intermittent mandatory ventilation type 3 where mandatory breaths may be suppressed by spontaneous minute ventilation, IMV(4) = intermittent mandatory ventilation where mandatory breaths may be suppressed in dual targeting by switch volume cycling to flow cycling. Targeting scheme abbreviations: s = set point, d = dual, r = servo, b = biovariable, a = adaptive, o = optimal, i = intelligent. NA = not available.


Reproduced with permission from Mandu Press Ltd.

Description

Operator Interface

The Crossvent 4+ uses a graphic LCD (liquid crystal display) with a touch screen keypad (Figure 10-52). There are also three knobs to adjust maximum inspiratory pressure, PEEP, and inspiratory flow.

An illustration shows a bright blue display screen with different values and parameters seen on it.

FIGURE 10-52 Crossvent 4+ operator interface.


Courtesy of Bio-Med Devices, Inc.

Description

Modes

A/C (Assist/Control)


  • Mandatory breaths: Machine triggered (preset frequency) or patient triggered (pressure sensitivity) and machine cycled (tidal volume or inspiratory time)

    • Within-breath settings:

      • Operator-set PEEP, frequency, peak inspiratory flow, tidal volume (or inspiratory time), and maximum inspiratory pressure

  • Spontaneous breaths: Not allowed
  • Between-breath targets: None

Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)


  • Mandatory breaths: Not allowed
  • Spontaneous breaths: Patient triggered (pressure sensitivity) and patient cycled

    • Within-breath settings:

      • Operator-set CPAP

  • Between-breath targets: None

SIMV (Synchronized Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation)


  • Mandatory breaths: Machine triggered (preset frequency) or patient synchronized (pressure sensitivity) and machine cycled (tidal volume)

    • Within-breath settings:

      • Operator-set PEEP, frequency, peak inspiratory flow, tidal volume (or inspiratory time), and maximum inspiratory pressure

  • Spontaneous breaths: Patient triggered (pressure sensitivity) and patient cycled

    • Within-breath settings:

      • Operator-set PEEP

  • Between-breath targets: None

Special Features

Oxygen: When powered by compressed oxygen and equipped with the optional Air Entrainment Module, the Crossvent is able to supply either 100% or 50% (nominal) oxygen during transport, without the use of compressed air. The ventilator can be powered by an external blender.


Backup ventilation: A backup rate sets the rate at which backup breaths are delivered when in CPAP mode in the event of apnea. Backup breaths use preset tidal volume and flow.


Gas volume compensation: None. When equipped with the optional Air Entrainment Module, the Crossvent is able to supply either 100% or 50% (nominal) oxygen during transport, without the use of compressed air. A unique feature of the entrainment system is the ability to deliver repeatable volumes during volume-limited ventilation, with relatively constant oxygen concentration.


Leak compensation: None


Nebulizer: None


Neonatal ventilation: No specific modes, but the tidal volume can be set as low as 5 mL. An optional pneumotach can be used to accurately measure tidal volumes from 100 to 990 mL.


Noninvasive ventilation: No specific modes


Manufacturer’s Specifications

Table 10-46 lists specifications for the Crossvent 4+.


TABLE 10-46 Specifications for the Crossvent 4+







































































































Setting Category

Setting

Range

Pressure

Inspiratory Pressure

0–120 cm H2O



Pressure Support

0–50 cm H2O



PEEP

0–35 cm H2O


Volume

Tidal Volume

0.005–2.5 L


Flow

Inspiratory Flow

1–120 L/min



Waveform

Not specified


Time

Inspiratory Time

0.1–3.0 s



Mandatory Breath Frequency

5–150/min


Sensitivity

Trigger Sensitivity (pressure)

–0.2 to –10 cm H2O


Alarm Category

Setting

Range


Pressure

Peak Pressure

0–125 cm H2O



PEEP

0–99 cm H2O



Mean Pressure

0–125 cm H2O


Volume

Exhaled Tidal Volume

50–4000 mL


Flow

Exhaled Minute Volume

0–200 L


Time

Rate

0–199 bpm


Other

O2 Sensor

Enabled/Disabled


Monitored Parameters

Setting

Range



Peak Pressure


Rate


Oxygen


PEEP/CPAP


Mean Pressure


Low Supply Pressure


Exhaled Tidal Volume


Exhaled Minute Ventilation

Description


Bio-Med Devices TV-100


The TV-100 is microprocessor-controlled and pneumatically powered ventilator capable of invasive and noninvasive ventilation of patients from neonatal to adult size (Figure 10-53). The ventilator is intended for intrahospital, prehospital, and air transport settings.

An illustration depicts the display screen of a ventilator. Two different waveforms corresponding to flow and pressure are displayed on the screen. Other values are displayed numerically above these waveforms. A peak pressure scale is seen at the left margin of the screen. Touchscreen buttons are seen at the bottom of the screen for start/stop ventilation and other controls.

FIGURE 10-53 TV-100 ventilator.


Courtesy of Bio-Med Devices, Inc. Used with permission.


Operator Interface

The TV-100 graphical user interface is an LCD touch screen (Figure 10-54). Screen displays change according to the context of the operation, such as initial ventilator operation verification; entering ventilator settings; entering alarm settings; and reviewing monitored values, including waveforms or digital values. Settings are entered by touching virtual buttons on the screen to select and adjust the desired setting. The Lung Mechanics page displays an animated lung graphic as well as patient parameters related to lung mechanics (static compliance, plateau pressure, and auto-PEEP).

An illustration depicts the display screen of a ventilator. Different tabs and buttons are seen on the touch screen and can be selected. The tabs on top are Main, Parameters, Alarms, Monitoring, Lung mechanics and Graphs. In this illustration, the 'Parameters' tab has been selected and the mode, tidal volume, PEEP, etc. are displayed on the screen. Touchscreen control buttons are seen at the bottom of the screen.

FIGURE 10-54 TV-100 operator interface.


Courtesy of Bio-Med Devices, Inc. Used with permission.


Modes

Table 10-47 shows the modes for the TV-100.


TABLE 10-47 Mode Classifications for the TV-100

A table describes the classification of modes for TV 100.

Control variables: PC = pressure control, VC = volume control. Breath Sequences: CMV = continuous mandatory ventilation, CSV = continuous spontaneous ventilation, IMV(1) = intermittent mandatory ventilation type 1 where mandatory breaths are delivered at the set frequency, IMV(2) = intermittent mandatory ventilation type 2 where mandatory breaths may be suppressed by spontaneous breath frequency, IMV(3) = intermittent mandatory ventilation type 3 where mandatory breaths may be suppressed by spontaneous minute ventilation, IMV(4) = intermittent mandatory ventilation where mandatory breaths may be suppressed in dual targeting by switch volume cycling to flow cycling. Targeting scheme abbreviations: s = set point, d = dual, r = servo, b = biovariable, a = adaptive, o = optimal, i = intelligent. NA = not available.

Description

Constant Flow

Constant flow is a noninvasive mode. For neonatal ventilation, the operator can set either a constant flow or a constant pressure. For pediatric/adult ventilation, only flow can be set. Constant flow allows the operator to connect tubing to supply a resuscitation bag or a nasal cannula or certain nasal CPAP interfaces.


Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)


  • Mandatory breaths: Not allowed
  • Spontaneous breaths: Patient triggered (pressure sensitivity) and patient cycled (flow)

    • Within-breath settings:

      • Operator-set CPAP and inspiratory pressure support

  • Between-breath targets: None

Noninvasive


  • Mandatory breaths: Machine triggered (preset frequency) or patient synchronized (pressure sensitivity) and machine cycled (tidal volume)

    • Within-breath settings:

      • Operator-set PEEP (called Expiratory Positive Airway Pressure), frequency, inspiratory pressure (called Inspiratory Positive Airway Pressure) and inspiratory time

  • Spontaneous breaths: Not allowed
  • Between-breath targets: None

Pressure A/C


  • Mandatory breaths: Machine triggered (preset frequency) or patient triggered (pressure sensitivity) and machine cycled (inspiratory time)

    • Within-breath settings:

      • Operator-set PEEP, frequency, inspiratory pressure, and inspiratory time

  • Spontaneous breaths: Not allowed
  • Between-breath targets: None

Pressure Regulated Volume Control


  • Mandatory breaths: Machine triggered (preset frequency) or patient triggered (pressure sensitivity) and machine cycled (inspiratory time)

    • Within-breath settings:

      • Operator-set PEEP, frequency, tidal volume target, and inspiratory time
      • Ventilator-set inspiratory pressure to achieve average tidal volume target

  • Spontaneous breaths: Not allowed
  • Between-breath targets: Operator-set tidal volume

Pressure SIMV


  • Mandatory breaths: Machine triggered (preset frequency) or patient synchronized (pressure sensitivity) and machine cycled (tidal volume)

    • Within-breath settings:

      • Operator-set PEEP, frequency, inspiratory pressure, and inspiratory time

  • Spontaneous breaths: Patient triggered (pressure sensitivity) and patient cycled

    • Within-breath settings:

      • Operator-set PEEP and inspiratory pressure support

  • Between-breath targets: None

Volume A/C


  • Mandatory breaths: Machine triggered (preset frequency) or patient triggered (pressure sensitivity) and machine cycled (inspiratory time)

    • Within-breath settings:

      • Operator-set PEEP, frequency, tidal volume, and inspiratory time

  • Spontaneous breaths: Not allowed
  • Between-breath targets: None

Volume SIMV


  • Mandatory breaths: Machine triggered (preset frequency) or patient synchronized (pressure sensitivity) and machine cycled (tidal volume)

    • Within-breath settings:

      • Operator-set PEEP, frequency, tidal volume, and inspiratory time

  • Spontaneous breaths: Patient triggered (pressure sensitivity) and patient cycled

    • Within-breath settings:

      • Operator-set PEEP and inspiratory pressure support

  • Between-breath targets: None

Special Features

Oxygen: The ventilator can be supplied with either a low-pressure (including an oxygen concentrator) or high-pressure oxygen source. If the oxygen source pressure is not within the required range (1–32 psi for low pressure; 40–90 psi for high pressure), the Oxygen button will not be active


Backup ventilation: A backup rate sets the rate at which backup breaths are delivered when in CPAP mode in the event of apnea. Backup mode is either volume or pressure controlled.


Gas volume compensation: Compensation is provided for patient circuit compliance.


Nebulizer: None


Miscellaneous: A disposable, proximal airway flow sensor can be connected to the ventilator.


Manufacturer’s Specifications

Table 10-48 lists specifications for the TV-100.


TABLE 10-48 Specifications for TV-100

A table lists the specifications for TV-100.
Description

LTV


The Vyaire LTV series includes small, portable ventilators, suitable for transport, that are electrically controlled and powered by blowers (Table 10-49). The latest model, the LTV 1200 ventilator (Figure 10-55), is intended to provide continuous or intermittent ventilatory support for individuals who require mechanical ventilation. The ventilator is applicable for adult and pediatric patients weighing at least 11 lb (5 kg) invasively or noninvasively (via mask or nasal prongs). The ventilator is suitable for use in institutional, home, and transport settings.


TABLE 10-49 Comparison of LTV Series Ventilators

A table provides a comparison of LTV Series ventilators. A table provides a comparison of LTV Series ventilators.
Description
A photo shows the white, rectangular front façade of the LTV 1200 ventilator. On the upper half of the device, measured values are seen in small, separate digital display windows. A round purple knob can be seen just below these values. Flexible tubes and cables can be seen extending from the side and behind the device.

FIGURE 10-55 LTV 1200 ventilator.


Reproduced with permission from Vyaire.


Operator Interface

The operator interface for the LTV 1200 is composed of LED displays, mechanical push buttons, and a rotary selection knob for adjusting settings (Figure 10-56). Settings are adjusted by pushing a button, turning the knob to get the desired setting, and pushing the button again to confirm. Buttons also permit manual breath triggering as well as inspiratory and expiratory hold maneuvers and alarm silencing.

A labeled illustration shows the various parts and features of the LTV 1200 ventilator interface.

FIGURE 10-56 LTV 1200 operator interface.


Reproduced with permission from Vyaire.

Description

Modes

The modes for the LTV 1200 are shown in Table 10-50.


TABLE 10-50 Classification of Modes for LTV 1200 Ventilator

A table describes the classification of modes for LTV 1200 Ventilator.

Control variables: PC = pressure control, VC = volume control. Breath Sequences: CMV = continuous mandatory ventilation, CSV = continuous spontaneous ventilation, IMV(1) = intermittent mandatory ventilation type 1 where mandatory breaths are delivered at the set frequency, IMV(2) = intermittent mandatory ventilation type 2 where mandatory breaths may be suppressed by spontaneous breath frequency, IMV(3) = intermittent mandatory ventilation type 3 where mandatory breaths may be suppressed by spontaneous minute ventilation, IMV(4) = intermittent mandatory ventilation where mandatory breaths may be suppressed in dual targeting by switch volume cycling to flow cycling. Targeting scheme abbreviations: s = set point, d = dual, r = servo, b = biovariable, a = adaptive, o = optimal, i = intelligent. NA = not available.

Description

Modes on the LTV 1200 are created by first selecting the control variable (volume or pressure button) and then the breath sequence (A/C button or SIMV/CPAP button). After that, the operator selects either the tidal volume or inspiratory pressure setting along with inspiratory time and breath frequency. Flow termination is an optional setting that, when activated, may change the breath sequence (i.e., from CMV to IMV).


CPAP/Pressure Support Ventilation


  • Mandatory breaths: Not allowed
  • Spontaneous breaths: Patient triggered (pressure or flow sensitivity) and patient cycled (% peak inspiratory flow)

    • Within-breath settings:

      • Operator-set inspiratory pressure, rise time, and cycle sensitivity (% peak inspiratory flow)

  • Between-breath targets: None

Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation


  • Mandatory breaths: Not allowed
  • Spontaneous breaths: Patient triggered (pressure or flow sensitivity) and patient cycled (% peak inspiratory flow)

    • Within-breath settings:

      • Operator-set inspiratory pressure, rise time, and cycle sensitivity (% peak inspiratory flow)

  • Between-breath targets: None

Pressure A/C


  • Mandatory breaths: Machine triggered (preset frequency) or patient triggered (pressure or flow sensitivity) and machine cycled (inspiratory time)

    • Within-breath settings:

      • Operator-set PEEP, frequency, inspiratory pressure, rise time, and inspiratory time

  • Spontaneous breaths: Not allowed
  • Between-breath targets: None

Pressure A/C with Flow Termination

Activation of Flow Termination makes this mode a form of IMV, not A/C. Flow Termination makes every breath patient cycled. Hence, every patient-triggered breath is spontaneous (i.e., patient triggered and cycled), whereas every machine-triggered breath is mandatory (i.e., machine triggered and patient cycled) by definition.



  • Mandatory breaths: Machine triggered (preset frequency) and patient cycled (% peak inspiratory flow)

    • Within-breath settings:

      • Operator-set PEEP, frequency, inspiratory pressure, rise time, and cycle sensitivity (% peak flow)

  • Spontaneous breaths: Patient triggered (pressure or flow sensitivity) and patient cycled (% peak inspiratory flow)

    • Within-breath settings:

      • Operator-set inspiratory pressure, rise time, and cycle sensitivity (% peak inspiratory flow)

  • Between-breath targets: None

Pressure SIMV


  • Mandatory breaths: Machine triggered (preset frequency) or patient synchronized (pressure or flow sensitivity) and machine cycled (inspiratory time)

    • Within-breath settings:

      • Operator-set PEEP, frequency, inspiratory pressure, rise time, and inspiratory time

  • Spontaneous breaths: Patient triggered (pressure or flow sensitivity) and patient cycled (% peak inspiratory flow)

    • Within-breath settings:

      • Operator-set inspiratory pressure, rise time, and cycle sensitivity (% peak inspiratory flow)

  • Between-breath targets: None

Volume A/C


  • Mandatory breaths: Machine triggered (preset frequency) or patient triggered (pressure or flow sensitivity) and machine cycled (tidal volume or pause time)

    • Within-breath settings:

      • Operator-set PEEP, frequency, inspiratory time, tidal volume, and pause time. Inspiratory flow is preset to be a descending ramp waveform.

  • Spontaneous breaths: Not allowed
  • Between-breath targets: None

Volume SIMV


  • Mandatory breaths: Machine triggered (preset frequency) or patient synchronized (pressure or flow sensitivity) and machine cycled (tidal volume or pause time)

    • Within-breath settings:

      • Operator-set PEEP, frequency, inspiratory time, tidal volume, and pause time. Inspiratory flow is preset to be a descending ramp waveform.

  • Spontaneous breaths: Patient triggered (pressure or flow sensitivity) and patient cycled (% peak inspiratory flow)

    • Within-breath settings:

      • Operator-set inspiratory pressure, rise time, and cycle sensitivity (% peak inspiratory flow)

  • Between-breath targets: None

Special Features

Oxygen: Oxygen blending is available from a high-pressure (40–80 psi) oxygen source or low-pressure (<35 psi) oxygen bleed in (e.g., oxygen concentrator or flowmeter). Using the high-pressure source, Fio2 is adjustable from 21% to 100%. Using the low-pressure source, the Fio2 is determined by the O2 inlet flow and total minute volume and is not regulated by the ventilator (a chart is available for manual calculation of Fio2).


Backup ventilation: When the set Apnea Interval (maximum time allowed between the beginning of one breath and the beginning of the next breath) is exceeded, the Apnea alarm is generated, and the ventilator will enter Apnea Backup ventilation mode in Assist/Control mode at the previously set breath type and control settings.


Gas volume compensation: None


Leak compensation: None


Nebulizer: None


Noninvasive ventilation: Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation (NPPV) can be selected as the primary mode of ventilation. In the NPPV mode, the ventilator cycles between IPAP (Pressure Support) and EPAP (PEEP). When a patient trigger is detected, a Pressure Support patient breath is given.


Manufacturer’s Specifications

Table 10-51 lists specifications for the LTV 1200.


TABLE 10-51 Specifications for the LTV 1200



































































































































Setting Category

Setting

Range

Pressure

Inspiratory Pressure

1–99 cm H2O



Pressure Support

1–60 cm H2O



PEEP

0–20 cm H2O


Volume

Tidal Volume

0.005–2 L


Flow

Waveform

Not Specified



Inspiratory Time

0.3–9.9 s


Time

Mandatory Breath Frequency

1–80/min



Trigger Sensitivity (pressure)

1–9 cm H2O



Adjustable Rise Time

Yes


Alarm Category

Setting

Range


Pressure

High PEEP

–3 to –20 cm H2O



Low PEEP

–3 to –20 cm H2O



High Pressure Limit

5–100 cm H2O



Low Peak Pressure

1–60 cm H2O


Flow

Low Minute Volume

0.1–99 L/min


Time

Apnea Interval

10–60 s



High Breath Rate

5–80/min



SBT High f

15–80/min



SBT Low f

1–40/min


Other

O2 Sensor

Enabled/Disabled



SBT High f/VT

70–900 f/VT



SBT Low f/VT

5–90 f/VT



HP Alarm Delay

Monitored Parameters

Setting

Range



Peak Flow


Exhaled Tidal Volume


I:E Ratio


Mean Airway Pressure


O2 Cylinder Duration


Peak Inspiratory Pressure


PEEP


Total Breath Rate


Total Minute Volume


SBT Minutes


f/VT


Frequency

Description


Dräger Oxylog 3000 Plus


The Oxylog 3000 plus (Figure 10-57) is an electronically controlled, pneumatically powered emergency and transport ventilator for patients with a tidal volume of at least 50 mL. It does not have an internal blower and thus requires an external source of compressed gas.

A photo shows a Drager ventilator, which consists of a small, white, rectangular box set in a C-shaped curved orange frame; a gray plastic holder/fastening hook can be seen on top of the orange frame. A display screen, regulator knobs, and button controls are seen on the front face of the device.

FIGURE 10-57 Dräger Oxylog 3000 plus ventilator.


© Drägerwerk AG & Co. KGaA, Lubeck. All rights reserved.


Operator Interface

The Oxylog 3000 plus has an operator interface that uses an LCD screen, buttons, and knobs (Figure 10-58). Settings are entered by pressing the menu button, turning the rotary knob to select the setting value, and then pressing the knob to finalize the setting. Some parameters (rate, tidal volume, Pmax, and Fio2) have dedicated knobs.

A labeled photo (labels A to V explained in the figure caption) shows the various parts and features of the Drager ventilator, which consists of a small, white, rectangular box set in an orange frame; a gray plastic holder/fastening hook can be seen on top of the orange frame.

FIGURE 10-58 Oxylog 3000 plus operator interface. A. Screen with screen pages for the specific application. B. Alarms. C. Ventilation parameters. D. Key for ventilation mode SpnCPAP. E. Key for setting the ventilation modes VC-CMV/VC-AC. F. Key for setting the ventilation mode VC-SIMV. G. Key for setting the ventilation mode PC-SIMV+. H. Red and yellow alarm indicators. I. Key for suppressing the audible alarm for 2 minutes. J. Alarm reset key. K. Key for 100% O2 inhalation. L. Key for initiating a manual inspiration. M. Start/standby. N. Display symbols for the power supply. O. Rotary knob for making selections and changing and confirming settings. P. Control knob for setting the O2 concentration. Q. Control knob for setting the maximum inspiratory pressure. R. Control knob for setting the respiratory rate. S. Control knob for setting the tidal volume. T. Color codes for different body weights. U. Key to change between the pressure, flow, and CO2 (optional) curve in small and large presentation. V. Key to change screen pages in the “Measured Values” window.


© Drägerwerk AG & Co. KGaA, Lubeck. All rights reserved.

Description

Modes

Modes are set by pressing dedicated buttons that name basic modes and then selecting options, such as AutoFlow (for VC modes), Pressure Support (for IMV and CSV modes), and noninvasive ventilation. Modes are shown in Table 10-52.


TABLE 10-52 Modes for the Oxylog 3000 Plus

A table describes the modes for the Oxylog 3000 Plus.

Control variables: PC = pressure control, VC = volume control. Breath Sequences: CMV = continuous mandatory ventilation, CSV = continuous spontaneous ventilation, IMV(1) = intermittent mandatory ventilation type 1 where mandatory breaths are delivered at the set frequency, IMV(2) = intermittent mandatory ventilation type 2 where mandatory breaths may be suppressed by spontaneous breath frequency, IMV(3) = intermittent mandatory ventilation type 3 where mandatory breaths may be suppressed by spontaneous minute ventilation, IMV(4) = intermittent mandatory ventilation where mandatory breaths may be suppressed in dual targeting by switch volume cycling to flow cycling. Targeting scheme abbreviations: s = set point, d = dual, r = servo, b = biovariable, a = adaptive, o = optimal, i = intelligent. NA = not available.


Reproduced with permission from Mandu Press Ltd.

Description

Pressure Control Synchronized Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation Plus


  • Mandatory breaths: Machine triggered (preset frequency) or patient synchronized (flow sensitivity) and machine cycled (inspiratory time). Spontaneous breaths are permitted both between and during mandatory breaths. The + designation calls attention to the fact that patients are free to breath spontaneously during mandatory breaths.

    • Within-breath settings:

      • Operator-set PEEP, frequency, inspiratory pressure, rise time, and inspiratory time

  • Spontaneous breaths: Patient triggered (flow sensitivity) and patient cycled (% peak inspiratory flow)

    • Within-breath settings:

      • Operator-set inspiratory pressure and rise time

  • Between-breath targets: None

Spontaneous Continuous Positive Airway Pressure/Pressure Support


  • Mandatory breaths: Not allowed
  • Spontaneous breaths: Patient triggered (flow sensitivity) and patient cycled (% peak inspiratory flow)

    • Within-breath settings:

      • Operator-set inspiratory pressure and rise time

  • Between-breath targets: None

Volume Control Assist Control

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Dec 19, 2021 | Posted by in RESPIRATORY | Comments Off on 4: Portable Ventilators

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