Author
Year
N°
Age
Approach
PD
PR (%)
Compl. (%)
Recur.
FUP (ms)
Mansour et al. [5]
2003
77
22
Open
PE+PC
91
14.3
1
12
Fonkalsrud et al. [9]
2002
116
30
Open
PE+PC
96.5
22
2
51.6
Wurtz et al. [10]
2012
205
25
Open
PE+PC
97.5
8.3
1
24
Fonkalsrud and Mendoza [15]
2006
275
19.8
Opena
PE+PC
98.1
2.9
2
17
Jaroszewski and Fonkalsrud [21]
2007
320
27
Open
PE+PC
98
4.6
6
26
Hebra [20]
2006
30
23
MIRPE
PE
86
29
n/a
n/a
Park et al. [19]
2011
102
19
MIRPE
PE
n/a
20
n/a
n/a
Liu et al. [14]
2012
18
21
MIRPE
Rec.PE
100
50
0
19
Complications
A number of complications are reported equally with both techniques: pneumothorax, pleural effusions, pericarditis, bleeding, seroma, skin infection, and persistent chest pain. Bar displacement is a dreadful complication almost exclusive to the minimally invasive approach; its incidence has changed during the years because of the routine use of stabilizers with a reduction from 9.5 to 2.5 % [18, 19]. The incidence of recurrence is different with the minimally invasive and the open approaches: with the former the incidence is low, ranging between 2 and 5 % [18–20]; with the open approach it is higher with a large variability (1.3–37 %) [5, 9, 21] probably due to an imprecise subpericondrial resection.
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